Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Aging (Albany NY). 2021 Jul 29;13(14):18564-18585. doi: 10.18632/aging.203302.
Few studies with mixed results have examined the association between chocolate consumption and mortality. We aimed to examine this association in a US population. A population-based cohort of 91891 participants aged 55 to 74 years was identified. Chocolate consumption was assessed via a food frequency questionnaire. Cox regression was used to estimate risk estimates. After an average follow-up of 13.5 years, 19586 all-cause deaths were documented. Compared with no regular chocolate consumption, the maximally adjusted hazard ratios of all-cause mortality were 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.94], 0.84 (95% CI 0.79-0.90), 0.86 (95% CI 0.81-0.93), and 0.87 (95% CI 0.82-0.93) for >0-0.5 servings/week, >0.5-1 serving/week, >1-2 servings/week, and >2 servings/week, respectively ( = 0.009). A somewhat stronger inverse association was observed for mortality from cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. A nonlinear dose-response pattern was found for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (all < 0.01), with the lowest risk observed at chocolate consumption of 0.7 servings/week and 0.6 servings/week, respectively. The favorable associations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were found to be more pronounced in never smokers than in current or former smokers (all < 0.05). In conclusion, chocolate consumption confers reduced risks of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease in this US population.
一些研究结果喜忧参半，探讨了巧克力消费与死亡率之间的关联。我们旨在研究美国人群中的这种关联。确定了一项基于人群的 91891 名年龄在 55 至 74 岁的参与者的队列研究。巧克力的摄入量通过食物频率问卷进行评估。使用 Cox 回归来估计风险估计值。在平均 13.5 年的随访后，记录了 19586 例全因死亡。与没有定期食用巧克力相比，全因死亡率的最大调整风险比分别为 0.89（95%置信区间 0.84-0.94）、0.84（95%置信区间 0.79-0.90）、0.86（95%置信区间 0.81-0.93）和 0.87（95%置信区间 0.82-0.93），分别为>0-0.5 份/周、>0.5-1 份/周、>1-2 份/周和>2 份/周（ = 0.009）。观察到心血管疾病和阿尔茨海默病死亡率的反比关系更强。发现全因和心血管死亡率存在非线性剂量反应模式（均 <0.01），风险最低的是每周食用巧克力 0.7 份和 0.6 份。在从未吸烟者中发现与全因和心血管死亡率的有利关联比在当前或曾经吸烟者中更为明显（均 <0.05）。总之，在该美国人群中，巧克力的摄入可降低全因死亡率、心血管疾病和阿尔茨海默病的风险。
