Alsayid Hoda, Alnakhli Sarah, Marzouki Hani Z, Varshney Rickul, Zawawi Faisal
Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU.
Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2021 Jun 28;13(6):e16000. doi: 10.7759/cureus.16000. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Olfaction plays a critical role in our health, emotions, social life and safety, which is why olfactory dysfunction has a great impact on a person's life. This has been highlighted with the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite Arabic being the fifth most commonly spoken language and one of the six official languages of the United Nations, there is no Arabic version for an olfactory-specific quality of life assessment tool.
The Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (QOD-NS) is a validated questionnaire that assesses many aspects of a patient's daily life. We translated this questionnaire to the Arabic language following European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group Translation Procedure guidelines. A pilot-testing of the Arabic version was done among 20 participants, 10 of whom were confirmed to have normosmia based on scoring at least 11/12 on the Sniffin' Sticks (SS) olfactory testing (Group 1) and another 10 participants who reported anosmia and scored less than 7/12 on the SS test. Patients could agree, partially agree, partially disagree, or disagree with each questionnaire statement.
The pilot study revealed that participants with confirmed anosmia had higher questionnaire scores compared to participants with normosomia (median 22 compared to 1, p value < 0.001). For each statement on the Arabic questionnaire, all questions scored at least 80% of intra-rater reliability, and the overall intra-rater reliability was 90%.
The Arabic translation of QOD-NS is a validated questionnaire that can be used both in academic and clinical practice.
嗅觉在我们的健康、情绪、社交生活和安全中起着至关重要的作用，这就是为什么嗅觉功能障碍会对一个人的生活产生重大影响。这一点在最近的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行中得到了凸显。尽管阿拉伯语是世界上使用人数第五多的语言，也是联合国六种官方语言之一，但目前尚无针对嗅觉的特定生活质量评估工具的阿拉伯语版本。
嗅觉障碍负面陈述问卷（QOD-NS）是一份经过验证的问卷，用于评估患者日常生活的多个方面。我们按照欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织（EORTC）生活质量小组的翻译程序指南，将这份问卷翻译成阿拉伯语。对20名参与者进行了阿拉伯语版本的预测试，其中10人根据嗅觉棒（SS）嗅觉测试至少得11/12分被确认为嗅觉正常（第1组），另外10名参与者报告嗅觉丧失且在SS测试中得分低于7/12分。患者可以对问卷中的每一项陈述表示同意、部分同意、部分不同意或不同意。
预研究显示，与嗅觉正常的参与者相比，确诊嗅觉丧失的参与者问卷得分更高（中位数分别为22分和1分，p值<0.001）。对于阿拉伯语问卷中的每一项陈述，所有问题的评分者内信度至少达到80%，整体评分者内信度为90%。
QOD-NS的阿拉伯语翻译是一份经过验证的问卷，可用于学术和临床实践。
