International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research & Service (ICEERS), Carrer de Sepúlveda, 65, Local 2, 08015 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalunya Campus, Av. Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain.
International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research & Service (ICEERS), Carrer de Sepúlveda, 65, Local 2, 08015 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Drug Policy. 2021 Dec;98:103390. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103390. Epub 2021 Jul 30.
Cannabis is a plant with a rich history of medical, recreational, industrial and spiritual uses. This paper aims to explore drug use rituals as methods of community-controlled use that help maintain a self-regulated and healthy relation to the substance in questions. Furthermore, it explores how cannabis is used in developing spirituality and a sense of community. The ritual use of cannabis is discussed in the context of drug policy.
Ethnographic research methods, such as fieldwork, participant observation, in-depth interviews, and qualitative analysis, were used to research a phenomenological community in rural Catalonia, where ancient psychoactive plants (APP), such as ayahuasca and cannabis, are regularly used in a ritual context.
Cannabis has a long history of ritual/spiritual uses and is still being used for such purposes in Catalonia. The rituals are effective harm reduction techniques and can even generate beneficial effects for the individual as well as the community by strengthening bonds between community members. The rituals associated with APP are seen as spiritual or religious practices, as well as forms of self-care and community-care, rather than involving drug dependence or addiction.
The contemporary use of APP in Western societies is gaining popularity. International drug policies and the schedule of controlled drugs claim to be based on scientific evidence, but this evidence is limited. The contemporary myopic focus on the risks and harms of drugs overlooks important realities, such as the benefits of non-problematic drug use. These omissions could in part be rectified through the consideration of scientific findings from the field of ethnography regarding the spiritual and community dimensions of drug use.
大麻是一种具有丰富医疗、娱乐、工业和精神用途历史的植物。本文旨在探讨吸毒仪式作为社区控制使用的方法，以帮助维持对所涉物质的自我调节和健康关系。此外，还探讨了大麻如何用于培养精神性和社区意识。本文在毒品政策的背景下讨论了大麻的仪式使用。
采用人种学研究方法，如实地调查、参与观察、深入访谈和定性分析，对加泰罗尼亚农村的一个现象学社区进行了研究，在该社区中，古精神活性植物（APP），如安非他命和大麻，经常在仪式背景下使用。
大麻具有悠久的仪式/精神用途历史，在加泰罗尼亚仍被用于此类用途。这些仪式是有效的减少伤害技术，甚至可以通过加强社区成员之间的联系，为个人和社区带来有益的效果。与 APP 相关的仪式被视为精神或宗教实践，以及自我保健和社区保健的形式，而不是涉及药物依赖或成瘾。
在西方社会，古精神活性植物的当代使用越来越流行。国际毒品政策和管制药物清单声称是基于科学证据，但这些证据是有限的。当代对毒品风险和危害的短视关注忽视了一些重要的现实情况，例如非问题性药物使用的好处。这些遗漏部分可以通过考虑人种学领域关于毒品使用的精神和社区层面的科学发现来纠正。
