Cabello-Olmo Miriam, Araña Miriam, Urtasun Raquel, Encio Ignacio J, Barajas Miguel
Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Foods. 2021 Jul 8;10(7):1590. doi: 10.3390/foods10071590.
In the last decade, the gastrointestinal microbiota has been recognised as being essential for health. Indeed, several publications have documented the suitability of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in the management of different diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Advances in laboratory techniques have allowed the identification and characterisation of new biologically active molecules, referred to as "postbiotics". Postbiotics are defined as functional bioactive compounds obtained from food-grade microorganisms that confer health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. They include cell structures, secreted molecules or metabolic by-products, and inanimate microorganisms. This heterogeneous group of molecules presents a broad range of mechanisms and may exhibit some advantages over traditional "biotics" such as probiotics and prebiotics. Owing to the growing incidence of DM worldwide and the implications of the microbiota in the disease progression, postbiotics appear to be good candidates as novel therapeutic targets. In the present review, we summarise the current knowledge about postbiotic compounds and their potential application in diabetes management. Additionally, we envision future perspectives on this topic. In summary, the results indicate that postbiotics hold promise as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for DM.
在过去十年中，胃肠道微生物群已被认为对健康至关重要。事实上，一些出版物已证明益生菌、益生元及合生元在治疗糖尿病（DM）等不同疾病方面的适用性。实验室技术的进步使得鉴定和表征被称为“后生元”的新型生物活性分子成为可能。后生元被定义为从食品级微生物中获得的功能性生物活性化合物，适量施用时可带来健康益处。它们包括细胞结构、分泌分子或代谢副产物以及无生命的微生物。这类异质性分子具有广泛的作用机制，与传统的“生物制剂”如益生菌和益生元相比可能具有一些优势。鉴于全球糖尿病发病率不断上升以及微生物群在疾病进展中的影响，后生元似乎是作为新型治疗靶点的理想选择。在本综述中，我们总结了关于后生元化合物的现有知识及其在糖尿病管理中的潜在应用。此外，我们展望了该主题的未来前景。总之，结果表明后生元有望成为糖尿病潜在的新型治疗策略。
