Hur Jae Young, Lee Kye Young
Precision Medicine Lung Cancer Center, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Korea.
Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Korea.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Jul 29;13(15):3827. doi: 10.3390/cancers13153827.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry RNA, proteins, lipids, and diverse biomolecules for intercellular communication. Recent studies have reported that EVs contain double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and oncogenic mutant DNA. The advantage of EV-derived DNA (EV DNA) over cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is the stability achieved through the encapsulation in the lipid bilayer of EVs, which protects EV DNA from degradation by external factors. The existence of DNA and its stability make EVs a useful source of biomarkers. However, fundamental research on EV DNA remains limited, and many aspects of EV DNA are poorly understood. This review examines the known characteristics of EV DNA, biogenesis of DNA-containing EVs, methylation, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis using EV DNA for biomarker detection. On the basis of this knowledge, this review explores how EV DNA can be incorporated into diagnosis and prognosis in clinical settings, as well as gene transfer of EV DNA and its therapeutic potential.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）携带RNA、蛋白质、脂质和多种生物分子用于细胞间通讯。最近的研究报道，EVs含有双链DNA（dsDNA）和致癌突变DNA。EV衍生DNA（EV DNA）相对于游离DNA（cfDNA）的优势在于，通过包裹在EVs的脂质双层中实现了稳定性，这保护了EV DNA免受外部因素的降解。DNA的存在及其稳定性使EVs成为生物标志物的有用来源。然而，关于EV DNA的基础研究仍然有限，EV DNA的许多方面还知之甚少。本综述探讨了EV DNA的已知特征、含DNA的EVs的生物发生、甲基化以及使用EV DNA进行生物标志物检测的下一代测序（NGS）分析。基于这些知识，本综述探讨了EV DNA如何能够被纳入临床环境中的诊断和预后，以及EV DNA的基因转移及其治疗潜力。
