Amintas Samuel, Vendrely Véronique, Dupin Charles, Buscail Louis, Laurent Christophe, Bournet Barbara, Merlio Jean-Philippe, Bedel Aurélie, Moreau-Gaudry François, Boutin Julian, Dabernat Sandrine, Buscail Etienne
Département des Sciences Biologiques et Médicales, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
U1035 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux, France.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Feb 2;8:622048. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.622048. eCollection 2020.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by healthy tissues and tumor cells and are released in various bodily fluids, including blood. They are limited by bilayer phospholipidic membranes, and they carry a rich content in biomolecules. Their release cleanses the cells of their waste or serves as functional local and distant cell-cell communication and molecular exchange particles. This rich and heterogeneous content has been given intense attention in cancer physiopathology because EVs support cancer control and progression. Because of their specific active cargo, they are being evaluated as carriers of liquid biopsy biomarkers. Compared to soluble circulating biomarkers, their complexity might provide rich information on tumor and metastases status. Thanks to the acquired genomic changes commonly observed in oncogenic processes, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in EVs might be the latest most promising biomarker of tumor presence and complexity. This review will focus on the recent knowledge on the DNA inclusion in vesicles, the technical aspects of EV-DNA detection and quantification, and the use of EV-DNA as a clinical biomarker.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）由健康组织和肿瘤细胞产生，并释放到包括血液在内的各种体液中。它们由双层磷脂膜包裹，携带丰富的生物分子。它们的释放清除了细胞内的废物，或作为局部和远距离细胞间通讯以及分子交换的功能粒子。这种丰富且异质的成分在癌症病理生理学中受到了广泛关注，因为细胞外囊泡支持癌症的发展和进程。由于其特定的活性货物，它们正被评估为液体活检生物标志物的载体。与可溶性循环生物标志物相比，它们的复杂性可能提供有关肿瘤和转移状态的丰富信息。由于在致癌过程中常见的基因组变化，细胞外囊泡中的双链DNA（dsDNA）可能是肿瘤存在和复杂性的最新且最有前景的生物标志物。本综述将聚焦于关于囊泡中DNA包含物的最新知识、细胞外囊泡DNA检测和定量的技术方面，以及细胞外囊泡DNA作为临床生物标志物的应用。
