Sauruk da Silva Karien, Carla da Silveira Bruna, Bueno Laryssa Regis, Malaquias da Silva Liziane Cristine, da Silva Fonseca Lauany, Fernandes Elizabeth Soares, Maria-Ferreira Daniele
Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil.
Front Physiol. 2021 Jul 22;12:714846. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.714846. eCollection 2021.
Intestinal mucositis is a clinically relevant side effect of anticancer therapies. It is experienced by 60-100% of patients undergoing treatment with high doses of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation. Intestinal mucositis can manifest as pain, weight loss, inflammation, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and infection; affecting normal nutritional intake and intestinal function. It often impacts adherence to anticancer therapy as it frequently limits patient's ability to tolerate treatment, causing schedule delays, interruptions, or premature discontinuation. In some cases, local and systemic secondary infections are observed, increasing the costs toward medical care and hospitalization. Several strategies for managing mucositis are available which do not always halt this condition. In this context, new therapeutic strategies are under investigation to prevent or treat intestinal mucositis. Polysaccharides from natural resources have recently become promising molecules against intestinal damage due to their ability to promote mucosal healing and their anti-inflammatory actions. These effects are associated with the protection of intestinal mucosa and regulation of microbiota and immune system. This review aims to discuss the recent advances of polysaccharides from natural resources as potential therapies for intestinal mucositis. The source, species, doses, treatment schedules, and mechanisms of action of polysaccharides will be discussed in detail.
肠道黏膜炎是抗癌治疗的一种临床相关副作用。60%至100%接受高剂量化疗、放疗和骨髓移植的患者会出现这种情况。肠道黏膜炎可表现为疼痛、体重减轻、炎症、腹泻、直肠出血和感染；影响正常营养摄入和肠道功能。它常常影响抗癌治疗的依从性，因为它经常限制患者耐受治疗的能力，导致治疗计划延迟、中断或提前终止。在某些情况下，会观察到局部和全身继发性感染，增加了医疗护理和住院费用。有几种管理黏膜炎的策略，但并不总是能阻止这种情况。在此背景下，正在研究新的治疗策略以预防或治疗肠道黏膜炎。由于自然资源中的多糖具有促进黏膜愈合的能力及其抗炎作用，它们最近已成为对抗肠道损伤的有前景的分子。这些作用与保护肠道黏膜以及调节微生物群和免疫系统有关。本综述旨在讨论自然资源中的多糖作为肠道黏膜炎潜在疗法的最新进展。将详细讨论多糖的来源、种类、剂量、治疗方案和作用机制。
