IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Front Immunol. 2021 Jul 21;12:707824. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707824. eCollection 2021.
The future of regenerative medicine relies on our understanding of the mechanistic processes that underlie tissue regeneration, highlighting the need for suitable animal models. For many years, zebrafish has been exploited as an adequate model in the field due to their very high regenerative capabilities. In this organism, regeneration of several tissues, including the caudal fin, is dependent on a robust epimorphic regenerative process, typified by the formation of a blastema, consisting of highly proliferative cells that can regenerate and completely grow the lost limb within a few days. Recent studies have also emphasized the crucial role of distinct macrophage subpopulations in tissue regeneration, contributing to the early phases of inflammation and promoting tissue repair and regeneration in late stages once inflammation is resolved. However, while most studies were conducted under non-infectious conditions, this situation does not necessarily reflect all the complexities of the interactions associated with injury often involving entry of pathogenic microorganisms. There is emerging evidence that the presence of infectious pathogens can largely influence and modulate the host immune response and the regenerative processes, which is sometimes more representative of the true complexities underlying regenerative mechanics. Herein, we present the current knowledge regarding the paths involved in the repair of non-infected and infected wounds using the zebrafish model.
再生医学的未来依赖于我们对组织再生背后的机械过程的理解，这凸显了合适的动物模型的必要性。多年来，由于斑马鱼具有很强的再生能力，因此被广泛应用于该领域的模型。在该生物中，包括尾鳍在内的几种组织的再生依赖于强大的胚后再生过程，其特征是形成一个包含高度增殖细胞的胚基，这些细胞可以在几天内再生并完全生长出失去的肢体。最近的研究还强调了不同巨噬细胞亚群在组织再生中的关键作用，它们在炎症的早期阶段发挥作用，并在炎症解决后的后期阶段促进组织修复和再生。然而，虽然大多数研究是在非感染条件下进行的，但这种情况并不一定反映出与损伤相关的所有复杂相互作用，这些损伤通常涉及到病原体微生物的入侵。越来越多的证据表明，传染性病原体的存在可以在很大程度上影响和调节宿主的免疫反应和再生过程，这有时更能代表再生力学背后的真正复杂性。本文介绍了利用斑马鱼模型研究非感染性和感染性伤口修复所涉及的途径的最新知识。
