Pathak Kamla, Misra Shashi Kiran, Sehgal Aayush, Singh Sukhbir, Bungau Simona, Najda Agnieszka, Gruszecki Robert, Behl Tapan
Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah 206130, India.
University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208026, India.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Jul 30;13(15):2514. doi: 10.3390/polym13152514.
The natural polymer chitosan is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth after chitin and has been extensively explored for preparation of versatile drug delivery systems. The presence of two distinct reactive functional groups (an amino group at C2, and a primary and secondary hydroxyl group at C3 and C6) of chitosan are involved in the transformation of expedient derivatives such as acylated, alkylated, carboxylated, quaternized and esterified chitosan. Amongst these, quaternized chitosan is preferred in pharmaceutical industries owing to its prominent features including superior water solubility, augmented antimicrobial actions, modified wound healing, pH-sensitive targeting, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. It has been explored in a large realm of pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and the biomedical arena. Immense classy drug delivery systems containing quaternized chitosan have been intended for tissue engineering, wound healing, gene, and vaccine delivery. This review article outlines synthetic techniques, basic characteristics, inherent properties, biomedical applications, and ubiquitous challenges associated to quaternized chitosan.
天然聚合物壳聚糖是地球上仅次于几丁质的第二丰富的生物聚合物，并且已被广泛探索用于制备多功能药物递送系统。壳聚糖存在两个不同的反应性官能团（C2处的氨基以及C3和C6处的伯羟基和仲羟基），这些官能团参与了方便的衍生物如酰化、烷基化、羧化、季铵化和酯化壳聚糖的转化。其中，季铵化壳聚糖在制药行业中更受青睐，因为它具有突出的特性，包括优异的水溶性、增强的抗菌作用、改善的伤口愈合、pH敏感靶向性、生物相容性和生物降解性。它已在大量的药物、药妆品和生物医学领域中得到探索。含有季铵化壳聚糖的大量优质药物递送系统已被用于组织工程、伤口愈合、基因和疫苗递送。这篇综述文章概述了与季铵化壳聚糖相关的合成技术、基本特性、固有性质、生物医学应用以及普遍存在的挑战。
