Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
PLoS One. 2021 Aug 10;16(8):e0254959. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254959. eCollection 2021.
The Depressive and Anxious Avoidance in Prolonged Grief Questionnaire (DAAPGQ) was developed to measure depressive and anxious avoidance behaviors, which, according to cognitive-behavioral models, are supposed to play an important role in the development and maintenance of prolonged grief. The present study aimed to develop a German version of the DAAPGQ and evaluate its psychometric properties and validity within a representative sample of the German general population (N = 2531). The German-language DAAPGQ was developed using a forward-backward translation procedure. Then, a subsample of individuals who reported having lost a significant other (N = 1371) of a representative sample was assessed with the German DAAPGQ, along with information on sociodemographic characteristics, prolonged grief symptom severity (PG-13), general anxiety (GAD-2) and depression (PHQ-2). The factor structure of the DAAPGQ was evaluated using confirmatory factor analyses, reliability by calculating internal consistency on subscale level and convergent validity by correlations between DAAPQG subscale sores with PG-13, GAD-2 and PHQ-2 sum scores. As expected, a two-factor model with correlated latent variables showed good fit to the data, replicating findings from the original version. Internal consistency was high for both subscales (Cronbach's α .86 and .95, respectively). Convergent validity was established by theoretically expected and statistically significant positive correlations of DAAPGQ subscales with symptom severity of prolonged grief, depression, and anxiety and negative correlations with time since loss. Furthermore, the addition of depressive and anxious avoidance significantly improved the prediction of prolonged grief symptom severity over sociodemographic and loss-related information. In sum, our results suggest that the German-language DAAPGQ is a reliable and valid measure of depressive and anxious avoidance and a useful tool to improve our knowledge on the role of avoidance in prolonged grief. We also provide descriptive data to improve the applicability of the DAAPGQ for individual diagnostics.
《延长哀伤障碍中抑郁和焦虑回避问卷》（DAAPGQ）旨在测量抑郁和焦虑回避行为，根据认知行为模型，这些行为被认为在延长哀伤的发展和维持中起着重要作用。本研究旨在开发《DAAPGQ》的德语版本，并在德国普通人群的代表性样本（N=2531）中评估其心理测量学特性和有效性。德语版《DAAPGQ》采用前后翻译程序开发。然后，在代表性样本中报告失去重要他人的个体的子样本（N=1371）中，使用德语《DAAPGQ》评估了个体，同时评估了社会人口学特征、延长哀伤症状严重程度（PG-13）、广泛性焦虑症（GAD-2）和抑郁症（PHQ-2）。使用验证性因子分析评估《DAAPGQ》的因子结构，通过亚量表水平的内部一致性计算信度，通过与 PG-13、GAD-2 和 PHQ-2 总分的相关来评估聚合效度。如预期的那样，具有相关潜在变量的两因素模型与数据拟合良好，复制了原始版本的发现。两个子量表的内部一致性都很高（Cronbach's α分别为.86 和.95）。DAAPGQ 子量表与延长哀伤、抑郁和焦虑症状严重程度的理论预期和统计学显著正相关，与损失后时间的负相关，建立了聚合效度。此外，抑郁和焦虑回避的增加显著提高了对延长哀伤症状严重程度的预测，超过了社会人口学和与损失相关的信息。总之，我们的结果表明，德语版《DAAPGQ》是一种可靠和有效的抑郁和焦虑回避测量工具，是提高我们对回避在延长哀伤中作用的认识的有用工具。我们还提供描述性数据，以提高《DAAPGQ》在个体诊断中的适用性。
