Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2021 Nov;1866(11):159025. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159025. Epub 2021 Aug 8.
Studies of "pre β" high density lipoprotein (HDL) and reconstituted HDL (rHDL) have contributed to our understanding of the Reverse Cholesterol Transport pathway. The relative ease with which discoidal rHDL can be generated in vitro has led to novel applications including a) infusion of rHDL into patients to promote regression of atherosclerosis; b) use of rHDL as a miniature membrane for integration of transmembrane proteins in a native-like conformation and c) incorporation of hydrophobic bioactive molecules into rHDL, creating a delivery device. The present review is focused on bioactive agent containing rHDL. The broad array of hydrophobic bioactive molecules successfully incorporated into these particles is discussed, as well as the use of natural lipids and synthetic lipid analogs to confer distinctive binding activity. This technology remains in its infancy with the full potential of these simple, yet elegant, nanoparticles still to be discovered.
对“前 β”高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和重组 HDL（rHDL）的研究促进了我们对胆固醇逆向转运途径的理解。盘状 rHDL 在体外很容易生成，这导致了一些新的应用，包括：a）将 rHDL 输注到患者体内以促进动脉粥样硬化的消退；b）将 rHDL 用作整合跨膜蛋白的微型膜，以形成类似天然的构象；c）将疏水性生物活性分子掺入 rHDL 中，形成递药装置。本综述重点关注含有生物活性物质的 rHDL。讨论了成功掺入这些颗粒的广泛的疏水性生物活性分子，以及使用天然脂质和合成脂质类似物来赋予独特的结合活性。该技术仍处于起步阶段，这些简单而优雅的纳米颗粒的全部潜力仍有待发现。
