German Environment Agency, Dessau-Roßlau, Berlin, Germany.
German Environment Agency, Dessau-Roßlau, Berlin, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2021 Aug;237:113821. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113821. Epub 2021 Aug 7.
The German Environmental Survey (GerES) is a population-representative, cross-sectional study on environmental exposures of the general population of Germany. GerES has repeatedly been conducted since 1985 by the German Environment Agency (UBA) in close collaboration with the Health Interview and Examination Surveys of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI). In the German Environmental Survey for Children and adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V) pollutants and other environmental stressors were measured in human samples as well as in the homes of 3- to 17-year-old children and adolescents. Interviews were conducted about health-related behaviors and living conditions. The GerES V basic program encompassed examinations of whole blood, blood plasma, morning urine and drinking water samples, measurements of ultrafine particles and noise levels, comprehensive standardized interviews, and self-administrated questionnaires. Additional modules on volatile organic compounds and aldehydes, particulate matter (PM) in indoor air, organic compounds in drinking water and pollutants in house dust were conducted in subsamples. Potential GerES V participants were identified and attained by the RKI from those participants who were examined and interviewed for the cross-sectional component of the second follow-up to the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2). The gross sample of GerES V comprised 3031 children and adolescents of which 2294 finally took part in the survey. This equals a total response rate of 75.7 %. Response rates varied, depending on region, type of municipality, age and sex, from 66.0 % to 78.3 %. By calculating individual case weights, discrepancies due to sample design and non-response between the GerES V sample and the whole population could be considered in statistical analysis. Therefore, the representativeness of the GerES V results with regard to age, sex, community size and region was assured.
德国环境调查（GerES）是一项针对德国普通人群环境暴露情况的具有代表性的、横断面研究。自 1985 年以来，德国环境署（UBA）与罗伯特·科赫研究所（RKI）的健康访谈和体检调查密切合作，多次开展了德国环境调查。在 2014-2017 年德国儿童和青少年环境调查（GerES V）中，在 3 至 17 岁儿童和青少年的家中以及人体样本中测量了污染物和其他环境压力源。还对与健康相关的行为和生活条件进行了访谈。GerES V 基本方案包括对全血、血桨、晨尿和饮用水样本的检测、超细颗粒和噪声水平的测量、全面标准化访谈以及自我管理的问卷调查。在子样本中还开展了关于挥发性有机化合物和醛类、室内空气中的颗粒物（PM）、饮用水中的有机化合物以及房屋灰尘中的污染物的额外模块。RKI 从接受过德国儿童和青少年健康访谈和体检调查（KiGGS 第二波）横断面部分检查和访谈的参与者中确定并邀请了潜在的 GerES V 参与者。GerES V 的总体样本包括 3031 名儿童和青少年，其中 2294 名最终参加了调查。这相当于总响应率为 75.7%。响应率因地区、市类型、年龄和性别而异，从 66.0%到 78.3%不等。通过计算个体病例权重，可以在统计分析中考虑由于抽样设计和无应答而导致的 GerES V 样本与整个人口之间的差异。因此，确保了 GerES V 结果在年龄、性别、社区规模和地区方面的代表性。
