El-Anwar Mohammad Waheed, Eesa Mohamed, Mansour Waleed, Zake Lamia G, Hendawy Ehsan
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Jul;25(3):e343-e348. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1730456. Epub 2021 Jul 29.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically spread all over the world, crossing the borders of all countries. It is presented mainly by lower respiratory tract symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, and chest tightness. However, COVID-19 causes different upper respiratory tract-related symptoms including nasal congestion, sore throat, and olfactory dysfunction. To discuss different ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations in COVID-19-positive patients and their relation to other manifestations and to the severity of COVID-19. We detected ENT manifestations in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed positive COVID-19 patients at Zagazig Isolation Hospitals (Zagazig University hospitals, Zagazig Chest hospital, Al-Ahrar hospital, and Zagazig Fever hospital) with proportional allocation in the period from April 15 to June 15, 2020. All patients were subjected to full history taking and COVID-19 was categorized into 4 classes of severity after all patients underwent computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Afterwards, the collected data was analyzed and compared. Among the included 120 COVID-19 patients, the most frequent reported ENT manifestations were; sore throat (30%), nasal congestion (28.3%), nasal obstruction (26.7%), sneezing (26.6%), headache (25%), smell and taste dysfunction (25%), rhinorrhea (20%), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (15%), and tonsil enlargement (10%). The most common non-ENT manifestations were fever (88.3%), cough (63.3%), and dyspnea (45%). Fever and cough are the dominant symptoms of COVID-19, but ENT manifestations for COVID-19 are common and should be a part of the suspected clinical criteria for COVID-19, particularly if the nasal examination was nonsignificant. The most common symptoms are sore throat, followed by nasal congestion and obstruction, headache, and lastly, olfactory dysfunction.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）已在全球范围内急剧传播，跨越了所有国家的边界。其主要表现为下呼吸道症状，如发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难和胸闷。然而，COVID-19会引发不同的上呼吸道相关症状，包括鼻塞、咽痛和嗅觉功能障碍。 探讨COVID-19阳性患者的不同耳鼻喉（ENT）表现及其与其他表现以及COVID-19严重程度的关系。 我们于2020年4月15日至6月15日期间，在扎加齐格隔离医院（扎加齐格大学医院、扎加齐格胸科医院、阿赫拉尔医院和扎加齐格发热医院）对聚合酶链反应（PCR）确诊的COVID-19阳性患者进行耳鼻喉表现检测，并按比例分配。所有患者均进行了全面病史采集，在所有患者接受胸部计算机断层扫描（CT）后，将COVID-19分为4类严重程度。之后，对收集到的数据进行分析和比较。 在纳入的120例COVID-19患者中，报告最多的耳鼻喉表现为：咽痛（30%）、鼻塞（28.3%）、鼻阻塞（26.7%）、打喷嚏（26.6%）、头痛（25%）、嗅觉和味觉功能障碍（25%）、流涕（20%）、上呼吸道感染（URTI）（15%）和扁桃体肿大（10%）。最常见的非耳鼻喉表现为发热（88.3%）、咳嗽（63.3%）和呼吸困难（45%）。 发热和咳嗽是COVID-19的主要症状，但COVID-19的耳鼻喉表现很常见，应成为COVID-19疑似临床标准的一部分，特别是在鼻腔检查无明显异常的情况下。最常见的症状是咽痛，其次是鼻塞和鼻阻塞、头痛，最后是嗅觉功能障碍。
