Ajayi Anthony Idowu, Mudefi Elmon, Owolabi Eyitayo Omolara
Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health, African Population and Health Research Centre, APHRC Campus, Off Kirawa Road, Manga Close, Kenya.
Department of Sociology, University of Fort Hare, 50 Church Street, East London, South Africa.
BMC Womens Health. 2021 Aug 16;21(1):299. doi: 10.1186/s12905-021-01445-8.
Epidemiological data on the prevalence and factors associated with sexual violence is critical to understanding the magnitude of the problem and designing effective interventions. Drawing from cross-sectional data from a South African university, we examined the prevalence and correlates of sexual violence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW).
We analysed data of 451 AGYW selected using stratified sampling. Sexual violence was defined as any sexual acts, and attempt to obtain sexual acts without consent. We used adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models to examine the factors associated with exposure to sexual violence while controlling for relevant covariates.
The lifetime and past-year prevalence of sexual violence was 37.9% and 25.3%, respectively. A higher prevalence of sexual violence was reported by heavy episodic drinkers of alcohol (lifetime 48.4% and past year 34.0%), those who received insufficient financial support (lifetime 58.0% and past year 35.8%) compared to non-users of alcohol (lifetime 27.2% and past year 17.2%),) and those who received adequate financial support (lifetime 20.8% and past year 13.1%). AGYW who reported heavy episodic use of alcohol had higher odds of reporting lifetime (AOR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.07-3.25) and past year (AOR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.10-3.75) experience of sexual violence compared to non-users. However, individuals who received adequate family financial support were 76% and 65% less likely to report lifetime and past year experience of sexual violence than those who received inadequate family financial support. Also, AGYW who rated themselves as very religious were 80% and 75% less likely to report lifetime and past year experience of sexual violence compared to those who were not religious.
Our study shows that sexual violence affects a large proportion of girls, requiring intervention that not only focuses on increasing social support for survivors, facilitating reporting, and ensuring perpetrators are convicted, but also target alcohol use reduction and poverty alleviation.
关于性暴力的患病率及相关因素的流行病学数据对于理解该问题的严重程度和设计有效的干预措施至关重要。基于南非一所大学的横断面数据，我们研究了青春期女孩和年轻女性（AGYW）中性暴力的患病率及其相关因素。
我们分析了采用分层抽样选取的451名AGYW的数据。性暴力被定义为任何未经同意的性行为以及试图获取性行为。我们使用调整和未调整的逻辑回归模型来研究在控制相关协变量的情况下与遭受性暴力相关的因素。
性暴力的终生患病率和过去一年患病率分别为37.9%和25.3%。与不饮酒者（终生患病率27.2%，过去一年患病率17.2%）以及获得充足经济支持的人（终生患病率20.8%，过去一年患病率13.1%）相比，大量饮酒者（终生患病率48.4%，过去一年患病率34.0%）和获得经济支持不足的人报告的性暴力患病率更高。报告大量饮酒的AGYW报告终生性暴力经历（调整后比值比[AOR]：1.86；95%置信区间[CI]：1.07 - 3.25）和过去一年性暴力经历（AOR：2.03；95% CI：1.10 - 3.75）的几率高于不饮酒者。然而，获得充足家庭经济支持的个体报告终生和过去一年性暴力经历的可能性比获得家庭经济支持不足的个体分别低76%和65%。此外，自认为非常虔诚的AGYW报告终生和过去一年性暴力经历的可能性比不虔诚的人分别低80%和75%。
我们的研究表明，性暴力影响着很大一部分女孩，干预措施不仅要侧重于增加对幸存者的社会支持、促进举报并确保犯罪者被定罪，还应致力于减少酒精使用和减轻贫困。
