Nanetti Antonio, Bortolotti Laura, Cilia Giovanni
Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Centre for Agriculture and Environment Research (CREA-AA), Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy.
Pathogens. 2021 Aug 17;10(8):1044. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10081044.
Honey bees, and pollinators in general, play a major role in the health of ecosystems. There is a consensus about the steady decrease in pollinator populations, which raises global ecological concern. Several drivers are implicated in this threat. Among them, honey bee pathogens are transmitted to other arthropods populations, including wild and managed pollinators. The western honey bee, , is quasi-globally spread. This successful species acted as and, in some cases, became a maintenance host for pathogens. This systematic review collects and summarizes spillover cases having in common as the mainteinance host and some of its pathogens. The reports are grouped by final host species and condition, year, and geographic area of detection and the co-occurrence in the same host. A total of eighty-one articles in the time frame 1960-2021 were included. The reported spillover cases cover a wide range of hymenopteran host species, generally living in close contact with or sharing the same environmental resources as the honey bees. They also involve non-hymenopteran arthropods, like spiders and roaches, which are either likely or unlikely to live in close proximity to honey bees. Specific studies should consider host-dependent pathogen modifications and effects on involved host species. Both the plasticity of bee pathogens and the ecological consequences of spillover suggest a holistic approach to bee health and the implementation of a One Health approach.
一般来说，蜜蜂及传粉者对生态系统的健康起着重要作用。传粉者种群数量持续下降已成为共识，这引发了全球生态关注。多种因素导致了这一威胁。其中，蜜蜂病原体可传播至其他节肢动物种群，包括野生和人工养殖的传粉者。西方蜜蜂在全球广泛分布。这种成功的物种充当了某些病原体的宿主，在某些情况下还成为了病原体的维持宿主。本系统综述收集并总结了以西方蜜蜂作为维持宿主及其部分病原体的溢出病例。报告按最终宿主物种及状况、年份、检测的地理区域以及同一宿主中的共现情况进行分组。共纳入了1960年至2021年期间的81篇文章。报告的溢出病例涵盖了广泛的膜翅目宿主物种，这些物种通常与蜜蜂密切接触或共享相同的环境资源。它们还涉及非膜翅目节肢动物，如蜘蛛和蟑螂，这些动物与蜜蜂生活在一起的可能性有高有低。具体研究应考虑宿主依赖性病原体的变异以及对相关宿主物种的影响。蜜蜂病原体的可塑性和溢出的生态后果都表明，需要采取整体方法来保障蜜蜂健康并实施“同一健康”方法。
