Altawalah Haya
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 24923, Kuwait.
Virology Unit, Yacoub Behbehani Center, Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Safat 24923, Kuwait.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Aug 16;9(8):910. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9080910.
The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical severity of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to critical disease and, eventually, death in smaller subsets of patients. The first case of COVID-19 was declared at the end of 2019 and it has since spread worldwide and remained a challenge in 2021, with the emergence of variants of concern. In fact, new concerns were the still unclear situation of SARS-CoV-2 immunity during the ongoing pandemic and progress with vaccination. If maintained at sufficiently high levels, the immune response could effectively block reinfection, which might confer long-lived protection. Understanding the protective capacity and the duration of humoral immunity during SARS-CoV-2 infection or after vaccination is critical for managing the pandemic and would also provide more evidence about the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, the exact features of antibody responses that govern SARS-CoV-2 infection or after vaccination remain unclear. This review summarizes the main knowledge that we have about the humoral immune response during COVID-19 disease or after vaccination. Such knowledge should help to optimize vaccination strategies and public health decisions.
新型冠状病毒，即严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2），是正在流行的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的病原体。COVID-19的临床严重程度从无症状到危重症不等，最终在较小部分患者中导致死亡。2019年底宣布了首例COVID-19病例，此后它已在全球传播，并在2021年随着值得关注的变异株的出现仍然构成挑战。事实上，新的关注点是在当前大流行期间SARS-CoV-2免疫的情况仍不明朗以及疫苗接种的进展。如果免疫反应维持在足够高的水平，可能有效阻断再次感染，并可能提供长期保护。了解SARS-CoV-2感染期间或接种疫苗后的体液免疫保护能力和持续时间对于控制大流行至关重要，也将为SARS-CoV-2疫苗的效力提供更多证据。然而，决定SARS-CoV-2感染或接种疫苗后抗体反应的确切特征仍不清楚。本综述总结了我们对COVID-19疾病期间或接种疫苗后的体液免疫反应的主要认识。这些认识应有助于优化疫苗接种策略和公共卫生决策。
