Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Old Davis Road, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Trends Plant Sci. 2021 Dec;26(12):1258-1269. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.002. Epub 2021 Aug 28.
Plant breeding depends on broad genetic variation. New allelic variation can be produced by targeted or random mutagenesis. Seemingly, random mutagenesis is outdated because clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas technology is much more precise and potentially faster. Unfortunately, genome editing is not accessible to breeders in many countries due to legal constraints. Therefore, random mutagenesis remains a vital method to create new allelic variation. Mutant offspring, however, suffer from a heavy mutation load, and application in polyploid crops is limited because multiple mutations are typically required. Exploiting random mutations became more efficient due to recent technological advancements, such as sequence-based mutant screening and genomic background selection. In this review, random and targeted mutagenesis will be compared, highlighting the legal situation.
植物育种依赖于广泛的遗传变异。新的等位基因变异可以通过靶向或随机诱变产生。似乎，随机诱变已经过时了，因为簇状规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）-Cas 技术更加精确，而且潜在速度更快。不幸的是，由于法律限制，许多国家的育种者无法使用基因组编辑技术。因此，随机诱变仍然是创造新等位基因变异的重要方法。然而，突变体后代承受着沉重的突变负担，在多倍体作物中的应用也受到限制，因为通常需要多个突变。由于最近的技术进步，如基于序列的突变体筛选和基因组背景选择，随机突变的利用变得更加高效。在这篇综述中，将对随机诱变和靶向诱变进行比较，重点介绍法律情况。
