Lavender Lab, Department of Health Studies, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, DC, Washington, USA.
Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, USA.
Prev Sci. 2022 Jan;23(1):142-153. doi: 10.1007/s11121-021-01294-9. Epub 2021 Sep 4.
Little research has examined subtle, intersectional, and everyday minority stress, such as microaggressions specific to being a queer person of color, and its associations with depressive symptoms among sexual and gender minority adolescents (SGMA) of color. Moreover, research is needed to identify mechanisms that might explain the associations between minority stress and depression. This study examined the associations between subtle and intersectional minority stress (i.e., SGMA of color-specific microaggressions) and depressive symptoms among SGMA of color and tested self-concept factors (i.e., self-esteem and sense of mastery) as mediators of these associations. A large national US sample of SGMA of color (N = 3398; 31.8% transgender; 55.7% plurisexual) ages 13 to 17 years (M = 15.56, SD = 1.27) were recruited online. Participants' race/ethnicity were Asian/Pacific Islander (12.2%), Black/African American (13.2%), Hispanic/Latina(o)/x (30%), Native American/Alaska Native (1.2%), Middle Eastern (1.9%), Biracial or Multiracial (40%), and other racial/ethnic minority groups (1.7%). Over and above the effects of racism and SGM-based victimization, subtle intersectional minority stressors were associated with greater depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem and sense of mastery. Mediation analyses indicated that subtle intersectional minority stressors had indirect effects on depressive symptoms through lower self-esteem and sense of mastery for the aggregate sample of SGMA of color and most racial/ethnic groups in the sample. The results demonstrate that subtle and intersectional minority stress is a unique and significant form of minority stress that is a risk factor for depressive symptoms for SGMA of color. Moreover, our findings underscore self-concept mechanisms as targets for prevention and intervention.
鲜有研究考察微妙的、交叉的和日常的少数群体压力，例如针对酷儿有色人种的微侵犯，以及它们与有色性少数和性别少数青少年（SGMA）的抑郁症状之间的关联。此外，需要研究来确定可能解释少数群体压力与抑郁之间关联的机制。本研究考察了微妙和交叉的少数群体压力（即 SGMA 特有的微侵犯）与有色 SGMA 之间的关联，以及抑郁症状，并测试了自我概念因素（即自尊和掌控感）作为这些关联的中介。一个来自美国的大型全国性 SGMA 有色人种样本（N=3398；31.8%为跨性别者；55.7%为多性恋者）年龄在 13 至 17 岁之间（M=15.56，SD=1.27），通过在线招募。参与者的种族/族裔为亚裔/太平洋岛民（12.2%）、非裔美国人/非洲裔美国人（13.2%）、西班牙裔/拉丁裔（30%）、美国原住民/阿拉斯加原住民（1.2%）、中东裔（1.9%）、混血或多种族（40%）和其他少数族裔群体（1.7%）。除了种族主义和基于性少数群体的受害之外，微妙的交叉少数群体压力源与更大的抑郁症状以及更低的自尊和掌控感相关。中介分析表明，对于 SGMA 有色人种的综合样本和样本中的大多数种族/族裔群体，微妙的交叉少数群体压力源通过较低的自尊和掌控感对抑郁症状产生间接影响。研究结果表明，微妙和交叉的少数群体压力是少数群体压力的一种独特而重要的形式，是 SGMA 有色人种抑郁症状的一个风险因素。此外，我们的研究结果强调了自我概念机制作为预防和干预的目标。
