Gómez Dianne Pupo, Boudreau Francois
Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Aug 13;9:732137. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.732137. eCollection 2021.
Maintenance of intestinal epithelium homeostasis is a complex process because of the multicellular and molecular composition of the gastrointestinal wall and the involvement of surrounding interactive signals. The complex nature of this intestinal barrier system poses challenges in the detailed mechanistic understanding of intestinal morphogenesis and the onset of several gut pathologies, including intestinal inflammatory disorders, food allergies, and cancer. For several years, the gut scientific community has explored different alternatives in research involving animals and models consisting of cultured monolayers derived from the immortalized or cancerous origin cell lines. The recent ability to recapitulate intestinal epithelial dynamics from mini-gut cultures has proven to be a promising step in the field of scientific research and biomedicine. The organoids can be grown as two- or three-dimensional structures, and are derived from adult or pluripotent stem cells that ultimately establish an intestinal epithelium that is composed of all differentiated cell types present in the normal epithelium. In this review, we summarize the different origins and recent use of organoids in modeling intestinal epithelial differentiation and barrier properties.
由于胃肠道壁的多细胞和分子组成以及周围相互作用信号的参与，肠道上皮稳态的维持是一个复杂的过程。这种肠道屏障系统的复杂性给详细理解肠道形态发生机制以及包括肠道炎症性疾病、食物过敏和癌症在内的几种肠道疾病的发病带来了挑战。多年来，肠道科学界在涉及动物和由永生化或癌源性细胞系衍生的培养单层组成的模型的研究中探索了不同的替代方案。最近从小肠培养物中重现肠道上皮动态的能力已被证明是科研和生物医学领域中具有前景的一步。类器官可以生长为二维或三维结构，并且源自成体或多能干细胞，最终形成由正常上皮中存在的所有分化细胞类型组成的肠道上皮。在这篇综述中，我们总结了类器官在模拟肠道上皮分化和屏障特性方面的不同来源及近期应用。
