Thomas Jan Peter, Völter Christiane, Wirth Rainer, Guthoff Rainer, Grunwald Martin, Hummel Thomas
Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, St.-Johannes-Hospital, Dortmund, Deutschland.
Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum GmbH, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2021 Oct;54(6):611-620. doi: 10.1007/s00391-021-01936-1. Epub 2021 Sep 7.
Aging is a multidimensional process that may lead to physical, psychological and social changes. This is predominantly due to a decline of sensory functions and their central processing.
Selective literature search in Medline and the Cochrane Library.
In addition to specific disorders of the sensory organs, unspecific age-related degenerative processes are responsible for the high prevalence of sensory limitations in older people. This can lead to a significant reduction in the quality of life. Balance impairment, decreasing function of hearing, vision, smell and the somatosensory system are associated with an increased risk of falling and an increased mortality in older people. Furthermore, there is evidence for a link between hearing loss and cognitive decline. In addition to the functional ability of every sense on its own, the integration of multiple sensory perceptions plays an increasing role in age-related sensory limitations.
Sensory impairments have to be considered when working with older people. Early detection and an interdisciplinary therapeutic approach can reduce the negative consequences. Multimodal stimulation appears to stimulate brain plasticity which helps to compensate age-related changes.
衰老为多维度过程，可导致身体、心理及社会层面的变化。这主要归因于感觉功能及其中枢处理能力的衰退。
在医学文献数据库（Medline）及考克兰图书馆进行选择性文献检索。
除感觉器官的特定疾病外，非特异性的年龄相关退行性过程也是老年人感觉功能受限高发的原因。这可导致生活质量显著下降。平衡功能受损、听力、视力、嗅觉及躯体感觉系统功能减退与老年人跌倒风险增加及死亡率上升相关。此外，有证据表明听力损失与认知衰退之间存在关联。除每种感觉自身的功能能力外，多种感觉认知的整合在年龄相关感觉功能受限中发挥着越来越重要的作用。
在与老年人打交道时，必须考虑感觉障碍问题。早期发现及跨学科治疗方法可减少负面影响。多模式刺激似乎能刺激大脑可塑性，有助于补偿与年龄相关的变化。
