Bellani Sebastiano, Bartolotta Antonino, Agresti Antonio, Calogero Giuseppe, Grancini Giulia, Di Carlo Aldo, Kymakis Emmanuel, Bonaccorso Francesco
BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
Chem Soc Rev. 2021 Nov 1;50(21):11870-11965. doi: 10.1039/d1cs00106j.
In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices. These components include front (transparent) and back conductive electrodes, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting/recombination layers, as well as photoactive layers. The production and processing of GRMs in the liquid phase, coupled with the ability to "on-demand" tune their optoelectronic properties exploiting wet-chemical functionalization, enable their effective integration in advanced PV devices through scalable, reliable, and inexpensive printing/coating processes. Herein, we review the progresses in the use of solution-processed 2D materials in organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, as well as in tandem systems. We first provide a brief introduction on the properties of 2D materials and their production methods by solution-processing routes. Then, we discuss the functionality of 2D materials for electrodes, photoactive layer components/additives, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting layers through figures of merit, which allow the performance of solar cells to be determined and compared with the state-of-the-art values. We finally outline the roadmap for the further exploitation of solution-processed 2D materials to boost the performance of PV devices.
在能源需求不断增长的背景下，新型光伏（PV）技术的发展被视为满足能源需求的关键解决方案之一。在此背景下，石墨烯及相关二维（2D）材料（包括非层状2D材料和2D钙钛矿）及其混合体系，正成为推动光伏技术创新的有潜力的候选材料。二维材料的机械、热学和光电特性可应用于太阳能电池的不同活性组件中，以设计下一代器件。这些组件包括正面（透明）和背面导电电极、电荷传输层以及互连/复合层，还有光活性层。二维材料在液相中的制备和加工，以及利用湿化学功能化“按需”调节其光电特性的能力，使得它们能够通过可扩展、可靠且廉价的印刷/涂层工艺有效地集成到先进的光伏器件中。在此，我们综述了溶液处理的二维材料在有机太阳能电池、染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）、钙钛矿太阳能电池、量子点太阳能电池和有机-无机混合太阳能电池以及串联系统中的应用进展。我们首先简要介绍二维材料的特性及其通过溶液处理路线的制备方法。然后，我们通过品质因数讨论二维材料在电极、光活性层组件/添加剂、电荷传输层和互连层方面的功能，这些品质因数有助于确定太阳能电池的性能并与当前的先进值进行比较。我们最后概述了进一步利用溶液处理的二维材料以提高光伏器件性能的路线图。
