Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.
University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1325:285-305. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_14.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by the presence of hyperglycaemia. Due to its high prevalence and substantial heterogeneity, many studies have been investigating markers that could identify predisposition for the disease development, differentiate between the various subtypes, establish early diagnosis, predict complications or represent novel therapeutic targets. N-glycans, complex oligosaccharide molecules covalently linked to proteins, emerged as potential markers and functional effectors of various diabetes subtypes, appearing to have the capacity to meet these requirements. For instance, it has been shown that N-glycome changes in patients with type 2 diabetes and that N-glycans can even identify individuals with an increased risk for its development. Moreover, genome-wide association studies identified glycosyltransferase genes as candidate causal genes for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. N-glycans have also been suggested to have a major role in preventing the impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by modulating cell surface expression of glucose transporters. In this chapter we aimed to describe four major diabetes subtypes: type 1, type 2, gestational and monogenic diabetes, giving an overview of suggested role for N-glycosylation in their development, diagnosis and management.
糖尿病是一组以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。由于其高患病率和显著的异质性，许多研究都在探索能够识别疾病发展倾向、区分各种亚型、建立早期诊断、预测并发症或代表新的治疗靶点的标志物。N-糖链，即与蛋白质共价连接的复杂寡糖分子，作为各种糖尿病亚型的潜在标志物和功能效应物出现，似乎有能力满足这些要求。例如，已经表明 2 型糖尿病患者的 N-聚糖组发生变化，并且 N-聚糖甚至可以识别出发生该病风险增加的个体。此外，全基因组关联研究确定糖基转移酶基因为 1 型和 2 型糖尿病的候选致病基因。N-聚糖还被认为在调节葡萄糖转运蛋白的细胞表面表达方面在防止葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌受损方面发挥主要作用。在本章中，我们旨在描述四种主要的糖尿病亚型：1 型、2 型、妊娠和单基因糖尿病，并概述 N-糖基化在其发展、诊断和管理中的作用。
