Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Plant Cell. 2022 Jan 20;34(1):193-208. doi: 10.1093/plcell/koab222.
The reiterative organogenesis that drives plant growth relies on the constant production of new cells, which remain encased by interconnected cell walls. For these reasons, plant morphogenesis strictly depends on the rate and orientation of both cell division and cell growth. Important progress has been made in recent years in understanding how cell cycle progression and the orientation of cell divisions are coordinated with cell and organ growth and with the acquisition of specialized cell fates. We review basic concepts and players in plant cell cycle and division, and then focus on their links to growth-related cues, such as metabolic state, cell size, cell geometry, and cell mechanics, and on how cell cycle progression and cell division are linked to specific cell fates. The retinoblastoma pathway has emerged as a major player in the coordination of the cell cycle with both growth and cell identity, while microtubule dynamics are central in the coordination of oriented cell divisions. Future challenges include clarifying feedbacks between growth and cell cycle progression, revealing the molecular basis of cell division orientation in response to mechanical and chemical signals, and probing the links between cell fate changes and chromatin dynamics during the cell cycle.
驱动植物生长的反复器官发生依赖于新细胞的不断产生，这些新细胞仍然被相互连接的细胞壁包裹着。由于这些原因，植物形态发生严格依赖于细胞分裂和细胞生长的速度和方向。近年来，人们在理解细胞周期进程和细胞分裂的方向如何与细胞和器官生长以及获得特化细胞命运相协调方面取得了重要进展。我们回顾了植物细胞周期和分裂的基本概念和参与者，然后重点关注它们与生长相关信号（如代谢状态、细胞大小、细胞几何形状和细胞力学）的联系，以及细胞周期进程和细胞分裂如何与特定的细胞命运相关联。视网膜母细胞瘤途径已成为协调细胞周期与生长和细胞身份的主要参与者，而微管动力学在协调有向细胞分裂中起着核心作用。未来的挑战包括阐明生长和细胞周期进程之间的反馈，揭示细胞分裂方向对机械和化学信号的分子基础，并在细胞周期过程中探测细胞命运变化和染色质动力学之间的联系。
