Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France; L@bisen, ISEN Yncréa Ouest, 29200 Brest, France.
Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jan 15;804:150156. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150156. Epub 2021 Sep 6.
The farming practices adopted since the end of the Second World War, based on large areas of monocultures and chemical use, have adversely affected the health of farmers and consumers and dramatically reduced farmland biodiversity. As a consequence, many studies over more than twenty years have stated that agriculture is facing three main challenges: (1) feeding the growing world population (2) with more environmentally friendly products (3) at a reasonable return for the producer. Increasing the efficacy of biocontrol could be one lever for agriculture to meet these expectations. In this study we propose implementation of a relatively under-researched system based on the management of landscape level crop diversity that would reduce demand for pesticide use and increase conservation biocontrol. The principle of manipulating crop diversity over space and time at a landscape scale is to optimize resource continuity, such as food and shelter for natural enemies to increase biocontrol services, reduce pest outbreaks and crop losses. The feasibility of such management options is discussed in relation to environmental, social and economic aspects. The operational and institutional inputs and conditions needed to make the system work are explored, as well as the potential added values of such a system for different stakeholders.
自第二次世界大战结束以来采用的农业耕作方式，基于大面积的单一栽培和化学物质的使用，对农民和消费者的健康产生了不利影响，并极大地减少了农田生物多样性。因此，二十多年来的许多研究表明，农业面临着三大挑战：（1）用更环保的产品养活不断增长的世界人口；（2）为生产者带来合理的回报。提高生物防治的效果可能是农业应对这些期望的一个手段。在本研究中，我们提出实施一个相对研究不足的系统，该系统基于景观水平作物多样性的管理，以减少对农药使用的需求，并增加保护生物防治。在景观尺度上通过空间和时间来管理作物多样性的原则是优化资源连续性，例如为天敌提供食物和庇护所，以增加生物防治服务，减少虫害爆发和作物损失。讨论了这种管理选择在环境、社会和经济方面的可行性。还探讨了使该系统发挥作用所需的操作和体制投入以及条件，以及该系统对不同利益相关者的潜在附加值。
