Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jan 1;802:149916. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149916. Epub 2021 Aug 27.
Nowadays, a huge scientific attention is being paid to the chemicals of emerging concern, which may pose a significant risk to the human and whole ecosystems. Among them, residues of pharmaceuticals are a widely investigated group of chemicals. In recent years it has been repeatedly demonstrated that pharmaceuticals are present in the environment and that some of them can be toxic to organisms as well as accumulate in their tissues. However, even though the knowledge of the presence, fate and possible threats posed by the parent forms of pharmaceuticals is quite extensive, their transformation products (TPs) have been disregarded for long time. Since last few years, this aspect has gained more scientific attention and recently published papers proved their common presence in the environment. Also the interest in terms of their toxicity, bioconcentration and stability in the environment has increased. Therefore, the aim of our paper was to revise and assess the current state of knowledge on the fate and effects resulting from the presence of the pharmaceuticals' transformation drugs in the environment. This review discusses the metabolites of compounds belonging to six major pharmaceutical groups: SSRIs, anticancer drugs, antibiotics, antihistamines, NSAIDs and opioids, additionally discussing other individual compounds for which literature data exist. The data presented in this paper prove that some TPs may be as harmful as their native forms, however for many groups of drugs this data is still insufficient to assess the risk posed by their presence in the environment.
如今，人们对新兴关注的化学物质给予了极大的关注，这些物质可能会对人类和整个生态系统造成重大风险。其中，药物残留是一个广泛研究的化学物质群体。近年来，人们反复证明药物存在于环境中，其中一些物质对生物体有毒，并且可以在其组织中积累。然而，尽管对于药物的母体形式的存在、命运和可能构成的威胁的认识已经相当广泛，但它们的转化产物 (TPs) 长期以来一直被忽视。近年来，这方面引起了更多的科学关注，最近发表的论文证明了它们在环境中的普遍存在。同时，人们对其毒性、生物浓缩和在环境中的稳定性的兴趣也有所增加。因此，我们的论文旨在综述和评估环境中药物转化药物存在的命运和影响的现有知识状况。本文讨论了属于六大主要药物类别的化合物的代谢物：SSRIs、抗癌药物、抗生素、抗组胺药、NSAIDs 和阿片类药物，此外还讨论了其他存在文献数据的个别化合物。本文介绍的数据证明，一些 TPs 可能与它们的母体形式一样有害，但是对于许多药物类别，这方面的数据仍然不足以评估它们在环境中存在所带来的风险。
