Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
Institute of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jul;27(21):26103-26114. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08881-3. Epub 2020 May 1.
The intensive development of medical science has led to an increase in the availability and use of pharmaceutical products. However, nowadays, most of scientific attention has been paid to the native forms of pharmaceuticals, while the transformation products (TPs) of these substances, understood herein as metabolites, degradation products, and selected enantiomers, remain largely unexplored in terms of their characterization, presence, fate and effects within the natural environment. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of seven native compounds belonging to different therapeutic groups (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioid analgesics, beta-blockers, antibacterial and anti-epileptic drugs), along with the toxicity of their 13 most important TPs. For this purpose, an ecotoxicological test battery, consisting of five organisms of different biological organization was used. The obtained data shows that, in general, the toxicity of TPs to the tested organisms was similar or lower compared to their parent compounds. However, for example, significantly higher toxicity of the R form of ibuprofen to algae and duckweed, as well as a higher toxicity of the R form of naproxen to luminescent bacteria, was observed, proving that the risk associated with the presence of drug TPs in the environment should not be neglected.
医学科学的飞速发展使得药品的供应和使用增加。然而，如今，大多数科学研究都集中在药物的天然形式上，而这些物质的转化产物（TPs），如代谢物、降解产物和选定的对映异构体，在其特性、在自然环境中的存在、命运和影响方面仍然在很大程度上未被探索。因此，本研究的主要目的是评估属于不同治疗组的七种天然化合物（非甾体抗炎药、阿片类镇痛药、β受体阻滞剂、抗菌和抗癫痫药）及其 13 种最重要的 TPs 的毒性。为此，使用了由五个不同生物组织的生物体组成的生态毒理学测试组合。获得的数据表明，一般来说，TPs 对测试生物的毒性与其母体化合物相似或更低。然而，例如，观察到布洛芬 R 对藻类和浮萍的毒性以及萘普生 R 对发光菌的毒性更高，这证明与药物 TPs 在环境中的存在相关的风险不应被忽视。
