Groot Maria J, Berendsen Bjorn J A, Cleton Natalie B
Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Sep 3;8:709750. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.709750. eCollection 2021.
Antibiotics are used to control infectious diseases in both animals and humans. They can be life-saving compounds but excessive use in animal husbandry leads to the development of antibiotic resistance which can impact the public health. Since similar antibiotics are used in both animal and human healthcare, it is important to reduce the use of antibiotics in production animals. In the Netherlands policies have been developed aiming for a decrease of antibiotic usage in animals, and alternatives to antibiotics are investigated. Currently, a one-on-one relationship between farmer and veterinarian is successfully implemented and (national) registration of antibiotic usage is mandatory. Unfortunately, after a 70% decrease in antibiotic usage since 2009, this decrease is now stagnating in most sectors. Innovative strategies are required to facilitate a further reduction. One promising option is a focus on farm management and natural alternatives to antibiotics. The Dutch government has invested in the spread of knowledge of natural remedies and good animal management to support animal health via so called Barnbooks for farmers and veterinarians. Another option is the analysis of on-farm antibiotic use to prevent unregistered applications. New (bio)analytical strategies to monitor the correct and complete registration of antibiotic usage have been developed and trial-tested in the Netherlands. Such strategies support a risk-based monitoring and allow effective selection of high-risk (high antibiotic use or illegal antibiotic) users. Both effective monitoring and the availability and knowledge of alternatives is a prerequisite to achieve a further significant decrease in antibiotic veterinary usage.
抗生素用于控制动物和人类的传染病。它们可能是挽救生命的化合物，但在畜牧业中的过度使用会导致抗生素耐药性的产生，这可能会影响公众健康。由于动物和人类医疗保健中使用的抗生素相似，因此减少生产动物中抗生素的使用非常重要。在荷兰，已经制定了旨在减少动物抗生素使用量的政策，并对抗生素的替代品进行了研究。目前，农民和兽医之间一对一的关系已成功实施，抗生素使用情况（全国）登记是强制性的。不幸的是，自2009年抗生素使用量下降70%以来，目前大多数行业的下降趋势已停滞不前。需要创新战略来促进进一步减少。一个有前景的选择是关注农场管理和抗生素的天然替代品。荷兰政府通过为农民和兽医提供所谓的《养殖手册》，投资传播天然疗法知识和良好的动物管理方法，以支持动物健康。另一个选择是分析农场抗生素的使用情况，以防止未注册的应用。荷兰已经开发并进行了试验测试新的（生物）分析策略，以监测抗生素使用情况的正确和完整登记。这些策略支持基于风险的监测，并允许有效选择高风险（高抗生素使用量或非法使用抗生素）用户。有效的监测以及替代品的可得性和相关知识，是实现兽医抗生素使用量进一步大幅下降的先决条件。
