Eriksson Kimmo, Simpson Brent, Vartanova Irina
School of Education, Culture and Communication, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Psychol. 2021 Sep 7;12:678237. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678237. eCollection 2021.
Cooperation in collective action problems and resource dilemmas is often assumed to depend on the values of the individuals involved, such as their degree of unselfishness and tolerance. Societal differences in cooperation and cooperative norms may therefore result from cultural variation in emphasis on these personal values. Here we draw on several cross-national datasets to examine whether society-level emphasis on unselfishness and tolerance and respect for other people predict how societies vary in cooperation [in a continuous prisoner's dilemma (PD)] and in norms governing cooperation [in a common pool resource dilemma (CPR)]. The results suggest that high levels of cooperation and cooperative norms are promoted specifically by a cultural emphasis on tolerance.
集体行动问题和资源困境中的合作通常被认为取决于相关个体的价值观，比如他们的无私程度和宽容度。因此，合作及合作规范方面的社会差异可能源于对这些个人价值观强调程度的文化差异。在此，我们利用几个跨国数据集来检验社会层面上对无私、宽容以及对他人的尊重的强调，是否能够预测不同社会在合作方面（在连续囚徒困境中）以及在合作规范方面（在公共资源困境中）的差异。结果表明，对宽容的文化强调尤其能够促进高水平的合作及合作规范。
