Tenzing Noryung, van Patot Martha Tissot, Liu Huifang, Xu Qiying, Liu Juanli, Wang Zhuoya, Wang Yanjun, Wuren Tana, Ge Ri-Li
Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
Front Genet. 2021 Sep 10;12:671119. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.671119. eCollection 2021.
The Tibetan population has lived and successfully reproduced at high altitude for many generations. Studies have shown that Tibetans have various mechanisms for protection against high-altitude hypoxia, which are probably due, at least in part, to placental adaptation. However, comprehensive analyses of placentas in Tibetans are lacking. We performed a microarray-based comparative transcriptome analysis of 10 Tibetan women from Yushu, Qinghai, CHN (∼3,780 m) and 10 European women living in Leadville, CO, United States (∼3,100 m) for less than three generations. Expression of HIF-1α, STAT3, EGFR, HSP5A, XBP1, and ATF6A mRNA was less in the Tibetan placentas as compared with European placentas. A total of 38 miRNAs were involved in regulating these genes. Differentially expressed genes were enriched for HIF1α signaling pathways, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, PI3K-AKT signaling pathways, and MAPK signaling pathways. Based on the transcriptome profiles, the Tibetan population was distinct from the European population; placental tissues from the Tibetan population are lacking hypoxic responses, and "passivation" occurs in response to hypoxic stress. These results provide insights into the molecular signature of adaptation to high altitudes in these two populations.
藏族人群已经在高海拔地区生活并成功繁衍了许多代。研究表明，藏族人具有多种抵御高原缺氧的机制，这可能至少部分归因于胎盘适应。然而，目前缺乏对藏族人胎盘的全面分析。我们对来自中国青海玉树（约3780米）的10名藏族女性和生活在美国科罗拉多州莱德维尔（约3100米）、居住时间不足三代的10名欧洲女性的胎盘进行了基于微阵列的比较转录组分析。与欧洲胎盘相比，藏族胎盘内HIF-1α、STAT3、EGFR、HSP5A、XBP1和ATF6A mRNA的表达较低。共有38种微小RNA参与调控这些基因。差异表达基因在HIF1α信号通路、内质网中的蛋白质加工、PI3K-AKT信号通路和MAPK信号通路中富集。基于转录组图谱，藏族人群与欧洲人群不同；藏族人群的胎盘组织缺乏缺氧反应，并且在缺氧应激下会发生“钝化”。这些结果为这两个人群适应高海拔的分子特征提供了见解。
