Urbano Gino Luis, Tablizo Bea Janine, Moufarrej Youmna, Tablizo Mary Anne, Chen Maida Lynn, Witmans Manisha
Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, Pasig 1604, Philippines.
De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas 4114, Philippines.
Children (Basel). 2021 Sep 19;8(9):824. doi: 10.3390/children8090824.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a form of sleep-disordered breathing that affects up to 9.5% of the pediatric population. Untreated OSA is associated with several complications, including neurobehavioral sequelae, growth and developmental delay, cardiovascular dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the neurobehavioral sequelae associated with OSA. This review aims to summarize the research on the relationship between OSA and ADHD and investigate the impacts of OSA treatment on ADHD symptoms. A literature search was conducted on electronic databases with the key terms: "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" or "ADHD", "obstructive sleep apnea" or "OSA", "sleep disordered breathing", and "pediatric" or "children". Review of relevant studies showed adenotonsillectomy to be effective in the short-term treatment of ADHD symptoms. The success of other treatment options, including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), in treating ADHD symptoms in pediatric OSA patients has not been adequately evaluated. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term benefits of surgical intervention, patient factors that may influence treatment success, and the potential benefits of other OSA treatment methods for pediatric ADHD patients.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种睡眠呼吸紊乱形式，影响着高达9.5%的儿童群体。未经治疗的OSA与多种并发症相关，包括神经行为后遗症、生长发育迟缓、心血管功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗。注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是与OSA相关的神经行为后遗症之一。本综述旨在总结关于OSA与ADHD之间关系的研究，并探讨OSA治疗对ADHD症状的影响。在电子数据库中进行了文献检索，关键词为：“注意缺陷多动障碍”或“ADHD”、“阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停”或“OSA”、“睡眠呼吸紊乱”以及“儿科”或“儿童”。对相关研究的综述表明，腺样体扁桃体切除术在ADHD症状的短期治疗中有效。包括持续气道正压通气（CPAP）在内的其他治疗方案在治疗小儿OSA患者ADHD症状方面的成效尚未得到充分评估。需要进一步研究来评估手术干预的长期益处、可能影响治疗成功与否的患者因素，以及其他OSA治疗方法对小儿ADHD患者的潜在益处。
