Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden.
Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 18;18(18):9859. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189859.
Air pollution, a major environmental threat to human health, contributes to the premature deaths of millions of people worldwide. Cooking with solid fuels, such as charcoal and wood, in low- and middle-income countries generates very high emissions of particulate matter within and near the household as a result of their inefficient combustion. Women are especially exposed, as they often perform the cooking. The purpose of this study was to assess the burden of disease attributable to household air pollution exposure from cooking among women in Adama, Ethiopia.
AirQ+ software (WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used to assess the health impact of household air pollution by estimating the burden of disease (BoD) including Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), lung cancer, and stroke, among a cohort of women in Adama. Household air pollution exposure estimated by cooking fuel type was assessed through questionnaires.
Three-quarters (75%) of Adama's population used solid fuel for cooking; with this, the household air pollution attributable mortality was estimated to be 50% (95% CI: 38-58%) due to ALRI, 50% (95% CI: 35-61%) due to COPD, 50% (95% CI: 27-58%) due to lung cancer, (95% CI: 23-48%) due to IHD, and (95% CI: 23-51%) due to stroke. The corresponding disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 women ranged between 6000 and 9000 per disease.
This health impact assessment illustrates that household air pollution due to solid fuel use among women in Adama leads to premature death and a substantial quantity of DALYs. Therefore, decreasing or eliminating solid fuel use for cooking purposes could prevent deaths and improve quality of life.
空气污染是对人类健康的主要环境威胁之一，导致了全球数百万人的过早死亡。在中低收入国家，使用固体燃料（如木炭和木材）烹饪会导致家庭内部和附近产生极高的颗粒物排放，这是由于其燃烧效率低下所致。妇女尤其容易受到影响，因为她们通常负责烹饪。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚阿达玛妇女因烹饪导致的家庭空气污染暴露而导致的疾病负担。
使用 AirQ+ 软件（丹麦哥本哈根世界卫生组织区域办事处）来评估家庭空气污染对健康的影响，通过估计疾病负担（BoD）来评估疾病负担（BoD），包括急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、缺血性心脏病（IHD）、肺癌和中风，这是阿达玛妇女队列中的一部分。通过问卷评估了通过烹饪燃料类型估计的家庭空气污染暴露。
阿达玛 75%的人口使用固体燃料做饭；由此，归因于 ALRI 的家庭空气污染死亡率估计为 50%（95%CI：38-58%），归因于 COPD 的死亡率为 50%（95%CI：35-61%），归因于肺癌的死亡率为 50%（95%CI：27-58%），归因于 IHD 的死亡率为 50%（95%CI：23-48%），归因于中风的死亡率为 50%（95%CI：23-51%）。每 10 万名妇女的相应残疾调整生命年（DALY）范围在 6000 到 9000 之间。
这项健康影响评估表明，阿达玛妇女因使用固体燃料烹饪而导致的家庭空气污染导致过早死亡和大量的 DALY。因此，减少或消除烹饪用固体燃料的使用可以预防死亡并提高生活质量。
