Chan Lily, Alizadeh Kasra, Alizadeh Kimia, Fazel Fatemeh, Kakish Julia E, Karimi Negar, Knapp Jason P, Mehrani Yeganeh, Minott Jessica A, Morovati Solmaz, Rghei Amira, Stegelmeier Ashley A, Vanderkamp Sierra, Karimi Khalil, Bridle Byram W
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Sep 1;9(9):979. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9090979.
Influenza viruses have affected the world for over a century, causing multiple pandemics. Throughout the years, many prophylactic vaccines have been developed for influenza; however, these viruses are still a global issue and take many lives. In this paper, we review influenza viruses, associated immunological mechanisms, current influenza vaccine platforms, and influenza infection, in the context of immunocompromised populations. This review focuses on the qualitative nature of immune responses against influenza viruses, with an emphasis on trained immunity and an assessment of the characteristics of the host-pathogen that compromise the effectiveness of immunization. We also highlight innovative immunological concepts that are important considerations for the development of the next generation of vaccines against influenza viruses.
一个多世纪以来，流感病毒一直在影响着世界，引发了多次大流行。多年来，人们研发了许多预防流感的疫苗；然而，这些病毒仍然是一个全球性问题，夺走了许多人的生命。在本文中，我们在免疫功能低下人群的背景下，综述了流感病毒、相关免疫机制、当前的流感疫苗平台以及流感感染情况。本综述重点关注针对流感病毒的免疫反应的定性特征，着重于训练免疫以及对影响免疫接种效果的宿主-病原体特征的评估。我们还强调了创新的免疫学概念，这些概念是研发下一代抗流感病毒疫苗的重要考量因素。
