School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Instituto Masira, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
J Hum Hypertens. 2022 Nov;36(11):968-975. doi: 10.1038/s41371-021-00614-4. Epub 2021 Sep 27.
Small studies have shown reduced sodium-sensitivity of blood pressure in obese adolescents on a caloric deficit. We aimed to explore the association between mean daily sodium intake and prevalent hypertension among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults on a calorie deficit. We used a design-based regression model to explore the association between sodium intake and prevalent hypertension. We also conducted sensitivity analyses using multiple imputation chained equations and propensity score matching. We also measured the effect of a binary exposure derived from the widely recommended threshold of 2.3 grams of sodium intake per day. Among 5756 individuals, we did not detect any significant association between increased sodium and the odds of hypertension (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.90; 1.05). All our sensitivity analyses are consistent with our main findings. People on a calorie deficit-a component of healthy weight loss-without malnutrition saw no benefit in reduced sodium intake to lower blood pressure. These results highlight the need to explore new population-specific strategies for sodium intake reduction, including new dietary prescription approaches to improve dietary adherence and reduce the risk associated with sodium-deficient diets.
一些小型研究表明，热量摄入不足的肥胖青少年的血压对钠的敏感性降低。我们旨在探索美国热量摄入不足的成年人中，平均每日钠摄入量与高血压患病率之间的关联。我们使用基于设计的回归模型来探讨钠摄入量与高血压患病率之间的关联。我们还使用多重插补链方程和倾向评分匹配进行了敏感性分析。我们还测量了源自广泛推荐的每天 2.3 克钠摄入量阈值的二元暴露的影响。在 5756 个人中，我们没有发现增加的钠与高血压的几率之间存在任何显著关联（OR：0.97；95%CI：0.90；1.05）。我们所有的敏感性分析都与我们的主要发现一致。没有营养不良的热量摄入不足的人群（健康减肥的一个组成部分），减少钠摄入量来降低血压并没有带来好处。这些结果强调需要探索针对钠摄入量减少的新的特定人群策略，包括新的饮食处方方法，以提高饮食依从性并降低与低盐饮食相关的风险。
