Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MailStop F-72, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Pediatrics. 2012 Oct;130(4):611-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-3870. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
To assess the association between usual dietary sodium intake and blood pressure among US children and adolescents, overall and by weight status.
Children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years (n = 6235) who participated in NHANES 2003-2008 comprised the sample. Subjects' usual sodium intake was estimated by using multiple 24-hour dietary recalls. Linear or logistic regression was used to examine association between sodium intake and blood pressure or risk for pre-high blood pressure and high blood pressure (pre-HBP/HPB).
Study subjects consumed an average of 3387 mg/day of sodium, and 37% were overweight/obese. Each 1000 mg per day sodium intake was associated with an increased SD score of 0.097 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.006-0.188, ∼1.0 mm Hg) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) among all subjects and 0.141 (95% CI: -0.010 to 0.298, ∼1.5 mm Hg) increase among overweight/obese subjects. Mean adjusted SBP increased progressively with sodium intake quartile, from 106.2 mm Hg (95% CI: 105.1-107.3) to 108.8 mm Hg (95% CI: 107.5-110.1) overall (P = .010) and from 109.0 mm Hg (95% CI: 107.2-110.8) to 112.8 mm Hg (95% CI: 110.7-114.9; P = .037) among those overweight/obese. Adjusted odds ratios comparing risk for pre-HBP/HPB among subjects in the highest versus lowest sodium intake quartile were 2.0 (95% CI: 0.95-4.1, P = .062) overall and 3.5 (95% CI: 1.3-9.2, P = .013) among those overweight/obese. Sodium intake and weight status appeared to have synergistic effects on risk for pre-HBP/HPB (relative excess risk for interaction = 0.29 (95% CI: 0.01-0.90, P < .05).
Sodium intake is positively associated with SBP and risk for pre-HBP/HPB among US children and adolescents, and this association may be stronger among those who are overweight/obese.
评估美国儿童和青少年的日常饮食钠摄入量与血压之间的关系，总体上以及按体重状况来评估。
本研究的样本来自于参加 2003-2008 年 NHANES 的 8 至 18 岁儿童和青少年（n=6235）。通过多次 24 小时膳食回顾来估计受试者的日常钠摄入量。采用线性或逻辑回归来检验钠摄入量与血压或高血压前期和高血压风险（pre-HBP/HPB）之间的关联。
研究对象平均每天摄入 3387 毫克钠，其中 37%超重/肥胖。所有受试者中，每天摄入 1000 毫克钠，收缩压（SBP）的标准差增加 0.097（95%置信区间 [CI]：0.006-0.188，约 1.0 毫米汞柱），超重/肥胖受试者中增加 0.141（95% CI：-0.010 至 0.298，约 1.5 毫米汞柱）。SBP 的平均调整后水平随着钠摄入量 quartile 的增加而逐渐升高，从总体的 106.2 毫米汞柱（95% CI：105.1-107.3）升高到 108.8 毫米汞柱（95% CI：107.5-110.1）（P=0.010），从超重/肥胖者的 109.0 毫米汞柱（95% CI：107.2-110.8）升高到 112.8 毫米汞柱（95% CI：110.7-114.9；P=0.037）。与最低 quartile 相比，最高 quartile 组的高血压前期/高血压风险的调整比值比为 2.0（95% CI：0.95-4.1，P=0.062），超重/肥胖者为 3.5（95% CI：1.3-9.2，P=0.013）。钠摄入量和体重状况似乎对高血压前期/高血压风险有协同作用（交互超额风险比=0.29（95% CI：0.01-0.90，P<.05））。
在美国儿童和青少年中，钠摄入量与收缩压和高血压前期/高血压风险呈正相关，而在超重/肥胖者中这种相关性可能更强。
