Park Juyoung, Lee Handule, Park Kwangsik
College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea.
Environ Anal Health Toxicol. 2021 Sep;36(3):e2021021-0. doi: 10.5620/eaht.2021021. Epub 2021 Sep 27.
Some chemicals commonly used in personal care products, household items, food vessels, cosmetics, and other consumer products are potentially harmful, and several reviews of epidemiological studies have suggested the associations between the chemical exposure from consumer products, and respiratory diseases, skin sensitization, and reproductive problems. Therefore, risk assessment is essential for management of consumer products safety. Necessarily, the estimation of human exposure is an essential step in risk assessment, and the absorption rate of those chemicals via the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and skin are very critical in determining the internal dose of the exposed chemicals. In this study, parallel artificial membrane permeability assays (PAMPA) for the gastrointestinal tract and skin were performed to evaluate the permeability of parabens (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl-, propyl-, and butyl paraben), bisphenols (bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S), isothiazolinones (methyl-, chloromethyl-, benz-, octyl-, and dichlorooctyl isothiazolinone), and phthalates [diethyl-, dibutyl-, Di-isononyl-, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate]. Lipid solubility of test chemicals indicated by log P values was shown as the most critical factor and showed a positive association with the permeability of parabens, bisphenols, and isothiazolinones in PAMPA assay. However, phthalate showed a reverse-association between lipophilicity and permeability. The permeability of all the tested chemicals was higher in the gastrointestinal tract membrane than in the skin membrane. The pH in donor solution did not show significant effects on the permeability in all the chemicals, except the chemicals with a free hydrophilic moiety in their chemical structures.
一些常用于个人护理产品、家居用品、食品容器、化妆品及其他消费品中的化学物质可能有害，多项流行病学研究综述表明，消费品中的化学物质暴露与呼吸道疾病、皮肤过敏及生殖问题之间存在关联。因此，风险评估对于消费品安全管理至关重要。必然地，人体暴露估计是风险评估中的关键步骤，而这些化学物质通过胃肠道、呼吸道和皮肤的吸收率对于确定暴露化学物质的体内剂量至关重要。在本研究中，进行了胃肠道和皮肤的平行人工膜通透性试验（PAMPA），以评估对羟基苯甲酸酯（对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、丙酯和丁酯）、双酚（双酚A、双酚F和双酚S）、异噻唑啉酮（甲基异噻唑啉酮、氯甲基异噻唑啉酮、苯并异噻唑啉酮、辛基异噻唑啉酮和二氯辛基异噻唑啉酮）以及邻苯二甲酸酯（邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯和邻苯二甲酸双（2-乙基己基）酯）的通透性。以log P值表示的受试化学物质的脂溶性被证明是最关键的因素，并且在PAMPA试验中与对羟基苯甲酸酯、双酚和异噻唑啉酮的通透性呈正相关。然而，邻苯二甲酸酯的亲脂性与通透性之间呈负相关。所有受试化学物质在胃肠道膜中的通透性均高于皮肤膜。供体溶液的pH值对所有化学物质的通透性均未显示出显著影响，但化学结构中带有游离亲水部分的化学物质除外。
