Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
Mol Cancer. 2021 Oct 1;20(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s12943-021-01431-6.
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna for the development of the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing technology that provided new tools for precise gene editing. It is possible to target any genomic locus virtually using only a complex nuclease protein with short RNA as a site-specific endonuclease. Since cancer is caused by genomic changes in tumor cells, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used in the field of cancer research to edit genomes for exploration of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and development. In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been increasingly used in cancer research and treatment and remarkable results have been achieved. In this review, we introduced the mechanism and development of the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing system. Furthermore, we summarized current applications of this technique for basic research, diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Moreover, the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in new emerging hotspots of oncology research were discussed, and the challenges and future directions were highlighted.
2020 年诺贝尔化学奖授予埃马纽埃尔·卡彭蒂耶和詹妮弗·道德纳，以表彰她们开发了用于精确基因编辑的成簇规律间隔短回文重复/CRISPR 相关核酸酶 9（CRISPR/Cas9）基因编辑技术。该技术仅使用一种复杂的核酶蛋白和短 RNA 作为特异性内切酶，就可以靶向几乎任何基因组位点。由于癌症是由肿瘤细胞中的基因组变化引起的，因此 CRISPR/Cas9 可用于癌症研究领域，编辑基因组以探索肿瘤发生和发展的机制。近年来，CRISPR/Cas9 系统已越来越多地用于癌症研究和治疗，并取得了显著的成果。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了基于 CRISPR/Cas9 的基因编辑系统的机制和发展。此外，我们总结了该技术在癌症基础研究、诊断和治疗方面的当前应用。此外，还讨论了 CRISPR/Cas9 在肿瘤学研究新涌现的热点中的潜在应用，并强调了该技术面临的挑战和未来发展方向。
