School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(19):3302-3332. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1986467. Epub 2021 Oct 6.
Persistent respiratory tract inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of various chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. These inflammatory respiratory diseases have been a major public health concern as they are the leading causes of worldwide mortality and morbidity, resulting in heavy burden on socioeconomic growth throughout these years. Although various therapeutic agents are currently available, the clinical applications of these agents are found to be futile due to their adverse effects, and most patients remained poorly controlled with a low quality of life. These drawbacks have necessitated the development of novel, alternative therapeutic agents that can effectively improve therapeutic outcomes. Recently, nutraceuticals such as probiotics, vitamins, and phytochemicals have gained increasing attention due to their nutritional properties and therapeutic potential in modulating the pathological mechanisms underlying inflammatory respiratory diseases, which could ultimately result in improved disease control and overall health outcomes. As such, nutraceuticals have been held in high regard as the possible alternatives to address the limitations of conventional therapeutics, where intensive research are being performed to identify novel nutraceuticals that can positively impact various inflammatory respiratory diseases. This review provides an insight into the utilization of nutraceuticals with respect to their molecular mechanisms targeting multiple signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory respiratory diseases.
持续性呼吸道炎症是各种慢性呼吸道疾病（如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和肺纤维化）发病的原因之一。这些炎症性呼吸道疾病一直是一个主要的公共卫生关注点，因为它们是导致全球死亡率和发病率的主要原因，这些年对社会经济增长造成了沉重负担。尽管目前有各种治疗药物，但由于其副作用，这些药物的临床应用被证明是无效的，大多数患者的病情控制仍然很差，生活质量也很低。这些缺点促使人们开发新型替代治疗药物，以有效改善治疗效果。最近，由于益生菌、维生素和植物化学物质具有营养特性和调节炎症性呼吸道疾病病理机制的治疗潜力，因此越来越受到关注，它们可能最终导致疾病控制和整体健康结果的改善。因此，人们对营养保健品寄予厚望，希望它们能解决传统疗法的局限性，目前正在进行大量研究，以确定能对各种炎症性呼吸道疾病产生积极影响的新型营养保健品。本文综述了营养保健品在针对炎症性呼吸道疾病发病机制中涉及的多种信号通路的分子机制方面的应用。
