Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
Neurotox Res. 2021 Dec;39(6):2098-2107. doi: 10.1007/s12640-021-00425-y. Epub 2021 Oct 7.
Extracellular vesicles are heterogeneous cell-derived membranous structures of nanometer size that carry diverse cargoes including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Their secretion into the extracellular space and delivery of their cargo to recipient cells can alter cellular function and intracellular communication. In this review, we summarize the role of extracellular vesicles in the disease pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) by focusing on their role in viral entry, neuroinflammation, and neuronal degeneration. We also discuss the potential role of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of HAND. Together, this review aims to convey the importance of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of HAND and foster interest in their role in neuroinflammatory diseases.
细胞外囊泡是源自细胞的具有异质性的纳米大小的膜性结构，携带包括核酸、蛋白质和脂质在内的多种 cargo。它们被分泌到细胞外空间，并将其 cargo 递送到受体细胞，可以改变细胞功能和细胞内通讯。在这篇综述中，我们通过关注细胞外囊泡在病毒进入、神经炎症和神经元变性中的作用，总结了细胞外囊泡在 HIV 相关神经认知障碍（HAND）发病机制中的作用。我们还讨论了细胞外囊泡作为 HAND 生物标志物的潜在作用。总的来说，这篇综述旨在传达细胞外囊泡在 HAND 发病机制中的重要性，并激发人们对其在神经炎症性疾病中的作用的兴趣。
