Tontini Gian E, Prada Alberto, Sferrazza Sandro, Ciprandi Giorgio, Vecchi Maurizio
Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy.
Digestive Endoscopy Istituto Auxologico Italiano Milan Italy.
JGH Open. 2021 Sep 17;5(10):1135-1141. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12653. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Colonoscopy, since it was first employed over 60 years ago, is now the gold standard method for visualizing the mucosa of the colon, but should be of good quality. Many factors affect quality, including the type of health service organization, type of facility, staff, equipment, patient characteristics, and bowel preparation (BP). The adequacy of bowel cleansing is critical, but, unfortunately, may be inadequate in up to one-third of procedures. The current article will present and discuss the main BPs and their drawbacks, which include patient-dependent and procedure-dependent factors. Cleansing quality depends on the ease/complexity of solution preparation, volume, taste, and timing of consumption. Consequently, important positive factors include simple instructions, easy preparation of the solution, low volume, pleasant taste, short drinking time (e.g. <30 min), and splitting the dose between the evening before and the morning of the colonoscopy (or even better, only one dose in the early morning to avoid night-time problems), and short onset of action. The BP solution must also be safe with negligible side effects. Furthermore, a positive experience supports patient willingness to repeat the procedure.
结肠镜检查自60多年前首次应用以来，现已成为观察结肠黏膜的金标准方法，但检查质量应良好。许多因素会影响质量，包括卫生服务组织类型、机构类型、工作人员、设备、患者特征以及肠道准备（BP）。肠道清洁的充分性至关重要，但遗憾的是，在多达三分之一的检查过程中可能并不充分。本文将介绍并讨论主要的肠道准备方法及其缺点，其中包括患者相关因素和检查过程相关因素。清洁质量取决于溶液制备的难易程度/复杂性、体积、味道以及服用时间。因此，重要的积极因素包括说明简单、溶液制备容易、体积小、味道宜人、饮用时间短（例如<30分钟）、在结肠镜检查前一晚和当天早上分剂量服用（甚至更好的是，仅在清晨服用一剂以避免夜间问题）以及起效时间短。肠道准备溶液还必须安全且副作用可忽略不计。此外，良好的体验有助于患者愿意再次接受该检查。
