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SARS-CoV-2 没有“起源”。

There is no "origin" to SARS-CoV-2.

机构信息

CIRAD, Intertryp, UMR 17, Montpellier, France.

CNRS, UMR ART-Dev, Montpellier, France.

出版信息

Environ Res. 2022 May 1;207:112173. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112173. Epub 2021 Oct 6.

Abstract

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 caused by SARS-CoV-2, the question of the origin of this virus has been a highly debated issue. Debates have been, and are still, very disputed and often violent between the two main hypotheses: a natural origin through the "spillover" model or a laboratory-leak origin. Tenants of these two options are building arguments often based on the discrepancies of the other theory. The main problem is that it is the initial question of the origin itself which is biased. Charles Darwin demonstrated in 1859 that all species are appearing through a process of evolution, adaptation and selection. There is no determined origin to any animal or plant species, simply an evolutionary and selective process in which chance and environment play a key role. The very same is true for viruses. There is no determined origin to viruses, simply also an evolutionary and selective process in which chance and environment play a key role. However, in the case of viruses the process is slightly more complex because the "environment" is another living organism. Pandemic viruses already circulate in humans prior to the emergence of a disease. They are simply not capable of triggering an epidemic yet. They must evolve in-host, i.e. in-humans, for that. The evolutionary process which gave rise to SARS-CoV-2 is still ongoing with regular emergence of novel variants more adapted than the previous ones. The real relevant question is how these viruses can emerge as pandemic viruses and what the society can do to prevent the future emergence of pandemic viruses.

摘要

自 2020 年由 SARS-CoV-2 引发的 COVID-19 大流行开始以来,该病毒的起源问题一直是一个备受争议的问题。关于该病毒的两种主要假设,即通过“溢出”模型的自然起源或实验室泄漏起源,存在着激烈的争论。这两种观点的支持者经常基于对方理论的差异来构建论点。主要问题是,对起源本身的最初假设就存在偏见。查尔斯·达尔文在 1859 年证明,所有物种都是通过进化、适应和选择的过程出现的。任何动植物物种都没有确定的起源,只有一个进化和选择的过程,其中机会和环境起着关键作用。病毒也是如此。病毒也没有确定的起源,只有一个进化和选择性的过程,其中机会和环境起着关键作用。然而,在病毒的情况下,这个过程稍微复杂一些,因为“环境”是另一个生物体。大流行病毒在疾病出现之前就已经在人类中传播。它们只是还不能引发疫情。它们必须在宿主体内进化,也就是在人类体内进化,才能做到这一点。导致 SARS-CoV-2 出现的进化过程仍在继续,新的变体不断出现,比以前的变体更具适应性。真正相关的问题是这些病毒如何能够成为大流行病毒,以及社会可以采取什么措施来防止未来大流行病毒的出现。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e8c5/8493644/c2282f5f5620/gr1_lrg.jpg

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