Dworkin Emily R, Weaver Terri L
University of Washington School of Medicine.
Saint Louis University.
Psychol Violence. 2021 Sep;11(5):476-487. doi: 10.1037/vio0000350.
Sexual violence has substantial mental health effects on survivors around the globe. Although there has been increasing attention to the ways that sociocultural environments can affect survivors' recovery, there has been no review to our knowledge of the specific factors within sociocultural environments that offer risk or protection, or the mechanisms by which these factors affect recovery.
To address this gap, we present a conceptual model supported by a theoretical and empirical review that prioritizes research conducted with ethnic minority and global samples.
We identify three components of global sociocultural settings-norms, structures, and environmental stressors-that may affect mental health following sexual violence. We propose that these components may affect survivors' mental health by (1) influencing how survivors themselves, survivors' social contexts, and the systems with which survivors come into contact think about and respond to sexual violence, and (2) creating additional sources of stress, burden, or protection for survivors.
We argue that future research, practice, and policy could have a greater effect on survivors by attending to sociocultural factors in recovery.
性暴力对全球幸存者的心理健康有重大影响。尽管社会文化环境如何影响幸存者康复的方式已受到越来越多关注，但就我们所知，尚未有对社会文化环境中提供风险或保护的具体因素，以及这些因素影响康复的机制进行的综述。
为填补这一空白，我们提出一个由理论和实证综述支持的概念模型，该模型优先考虑对少数族裔和全球样本进行的研究。
我们确定了全球社会文化环境的三个组成部分——规范、结构和环境压力源——它们可能在性暴力后影响心理健康。我们提出，这些组成部分可能通过以下方式影响幸存者的心理健康：（1）影响幸存者自身、幸存者的社会环境以及幸存者接触的系统如何看待和应对性暴力，以及（2）为幸存者创造额外的压力、负担或保护来源。
我们认为，未来的研究、实践和政策通过关注康复中的社会文化因素，可能会对幸存者产生更大影响。
