College of Engineering, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 23;18(19):9979. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18199979.
As of June 2021, there have been more than 13,000 deaths in Japan due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare show that the mortality rate of COVID-19 greatly varies by age. In this study, using data from a questionnaire survey, an investigation was carried out to find differences in anxiety and risk perception, attitudes toward risk, and the frequency of implementation of countermeasures to infection among age groups that are prone to a greater risk of mortality, as well as the main factors that determine the frequency of implementation. Older people, who form a high-risk group, have a stronger tendency for anxiety and cautious attitudes toward COVID-19, and they more frequently implement preventive behaviors. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the frequency of implementation of behaviors is determined not only by anxiety, cautious attitude, risk of aggravation to oneself, and perceived effectiveness of behaviors but also by regret, altruism, and conformity. In addition, almost no age-based gap was found between the determinants, suggesting that the motivation to take infection preventive behaviors is the same regardless of age.
截至 2021 年 6 月，日本因 COVID-19 大流行而导致的死亡人数已超过 13000 人。厚生劳动省的数据显示，COVID-19 的死亡率因年龄而异。在这项研究中，使用问卷调查数据，对易发生高死亡率的年龄组的焦虑和风险感知差异、风险态度、感染预防措施的实施频率以及决定实施频率的主要因素进行了调查。老年人是高风险群体，他们对 COVID-19 有更强的焦虑倾向和谨慎态度，并且更频繁地实施预防措施。多元回归分析的结果表明，行为实施的频率不仅由焦虑、谨慎的态度、自身恶化的风险和对行为的有效性感知决定，还由后悔、利他主义和从众心理决定。此外，几乎没有发现决定因素在年龄上存在差异，这表明无论年龄大小，采取感染预防行为的动机都是相同的。
