School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Exp Brain Res. 2022 Feb;240(2):341-363. doi: 10.1007/s00221-021-06229-y. Epub 2021 Oct 13.
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by tics, which are stereotyped movements and/or vocalisations. Tics often cause difficulties in daily life and many with TS express a desire to reduce and/or gain control over them. No singular effective treatment exists for TS, and while pharmacological and behavioural interventions can be effective, the results are variable, and issues relating to access, availability and side effects can be barriers to treatment. Consequently, over the past decade, there has been increasing interest into the potential benefits of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) approaches. This systematic review highlights work exploring NIBS as a potential treatment for TS. On balance, the results tentatively suggest that multiple sessions of stimulation applied over the supplementary motor area (SMA) may help to reduce tics. However, a number of methodological and theoretical issues limit the strength of this conclusion, with the most problematic being the lack of large-scale sham-controlled studies. In this review, methodological and theoretical issues are discussed, unanswered questions highlighted and suggestions for future work put forward.
妥瑞氏症候群（TS）是一种神经发育疾病，其特征为抽搐，即刻板的运动和/或发声。抽搐常常导致日常生活困难，许多 TS 患者表达了减少和/或控制抽搐的愿望。目前尚无针对 TS 的单一有效治疗方法，虽然药物治疗和行为干预可能有效，但效果因人而异，而且在可及性、可用性和副作用方面存在问题可能会成为治疗的障碍。因此，在过去十年中，人们对非侵入性脑刺激（NIBS）方法的潜在益处越来越感兴趣。本系统评价强调了探索 NIBS 作为 TS 潜在治疗方法的工作。总的来说，结果初步表明，对补充运动区（SMA）进行多次刺激可能有助于减少抽搐。然而，一些方法学和理论问题限制了这一结论的强度，其中最成问题的是缺乏大规模的假手术对照研究。在本综述中，讨论了方法学和理论问题，突出了未解决的问题，并提出了未来工作的建议。
