State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Nov;105(21-22):8441-8456. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11627-x. Epub 2021 Oct 15.
Increasing evidence suggests that antibiotic administration causes gut injury, negatively affecting nutrient digestion, immune regulation, and colonization resistance against pathogens due to the disruption of gut microbiota. However, the time-course effects of therapeutic antibiotics on alterations of gut microbes and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in young swine are still unknown. In this study, twenty piglets were assigned into two groups and fed commercial diets with or without lincomycin in the first week for a 28-day trial period. Results showed that 1-week lincomycin exposure (LE) did reduce the body weight on day 14 (p = 0.0450) and 28 (p = 0.0362). The alpha-diversity notably reduced after 1-week LE, and then gradually raised and reached the control group level in the second week on cessation of LE, indicated by the variation of Sobs, Chao, Shannon, and ACE index (p < 0.05). Beta-diversity analysis revealed that the distinct microbial cluster existed persistently for the whole trial period between two groups (p < 0.001). The relative abundance of most microbes including fiber-degrading (e.g., Agathobacter and Coprococcus), beneficial (e.g., Lactobacillus and Mitsuokella), or pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Terrisporobacter and Lachnoclostridium) decreased (LDA score > 3), and the concentration of SCFAs also diminished in the feces of 1-week lincomycin-administrated young swine, indicating that therapeutic LE killed most bacteria and reduced SCFA production with gut dysbiosis occurring. After the LE stopped, the state of gut dysbiosis gradually attenuated and formed new gut-microbe homeostasis distinct from microbial homeostasis of young pigs unexposed to lincomycin. The increased presence of potential pathogens, such as Terrisporobacter, Negativibacillus, and Escherichia-Shigella, and decreased beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Agathobacter, were observed in new homeostasis reshaped by short-lincomycin administration (LDA score > 3 or p < 0.05), adversely affecting gut development and health of young pigs. Collectively, these results suggested that severe disruption of the commensal microbiota occurred after short-term LE or termination of LE in young swine. KEY POINTS: • Therapeutic lincomycin exposure induced gut dysbiosis, killing most bacteria and reducing short-chain fatty acid production. • Gut dysbiosis gradually attenuated and formed new homeostasis after lincomycin exposure stopped. • The new homeostasis, increased Escherichia-Shigella etc. and decreased Lactobacillus etc., was potentially harmful to gut health.
越来越多的证据表明，抗生素的使用会导致肠道损伤，通过破坏肠道微生物群，从而对营养消化、免疫调节和定植抵抗病原体产生负面影响。然而，治疗性抗生素对幼猪肠道微生物和短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 变化的时间进程影响仍不清楚。在这项研究中，将 20 头仔猪分为两组，在第一周内分别用含有或不含有林可霉素的商业饮食喂养，为期 28 天的试验期。结果表明，1 周的林可霉素暴露（LE）显著降低了第 14 天（p=0.0450）和第 28 天（p=0.0362）的体重。1 周 LE 后，α多样性明显降低，然后在 LE 停止后的第二周逐渐升高并达到对照组水平，表现在 Sobs、Chao、Shannon 和 ACE 指数的变化上（p<0.05）。β多样性分析显示，两组间在整个试验期间始终存在明显的微生物聚类（p<0.001）。包括纤维降解菌（如 Agathobacter 和 Coprococcus）、有益菌（如 Lactobacillus 和 Mitsuokella）和病原菌（如 Terrisporobacter 和 Lachnoclostridium）在内的大多数微生物的相对丰度降低（LDA 评分>3），粪便中 SCFA 的浓度也降低了，表明治疗性 LE 杀死了大多数细菌并减少了 SCFA 的产生，导致肠道菌群失调。LE 停止后，肠道菌群失调的状态逐渐减弱，并形成了与未暴露于林可霉素的仔猪不同的新肠道-微生物稳态。在短时间的 LE 或 LE 停止后，新形成的稳态中观察到潜在病原体（如 Terrisporobacter、Negativibacillus 和 Escherichia-Shigella）的增加和有益菌（如 Lactobacillus 和 Agathobacter）的减少（LDA 评分>3 或 p<0.05），这对仔猪的肠道发育和健康产生不利影响。总的来说，这些结果表明，短期 LE 或 LE 停止后，幼猪的共生微生物群受到严重破坏。关键点：• 治疗性林可霉素暴露导致肠道菌群失调，杀死大多数细菌并减少短链脂肪酸的产生。• LE 停止后，肠道菌群失调逐渐减弱并形成新的稳态。• 新的稳态中，Escherichia-Shigella 等增加，Lactobacillus 等减少，可能对肠道健康有害。
