From the Jagiellonian University Medical College, 1st Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Kraków, Poland (W.W., T.D., M. Rojek, J.B., M.T., A.O., M.R.); Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (A.J., M.S., A.P., P.D.); Medical Faculty, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (M. Rojek); Chief Inspectorate Of Environmental Protection (K.K.); Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (T.G.); Department of Valvular Heart Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology (T.H.); and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Germany (R.K.).
Hypertension. 2022 Feb;79(2):325-334. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17704. Epub 2021 Oct 18.
In a cross-sectional analysis of a case-control study in 2015, we revealed the association between increased arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity) and aircraft noise exposure. In June 2020, we evaluated the long-term effects, and the impact of a sudden decline in noise exposure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown, on blood pressure and pulse wave velocity, comparing 74 participants exposed to long-term day-evening-night aircraft noise level 60 dB and 75 unexposed individuals. During the 5-year follow-up, the prevalence of hypertension increased in the exposed (42% versus 59%, =0.048) but not in the unexposed group. The decline in noise exposure since April 2020 was accompanied with a significant decrease of noise annoyance, 24-hour systolic (121.2 versus 117.9 mm Hg; =0.034) and diastolic (75.1 versus 72.0 mm Hg; =0.003) blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity (10.2 versus 8.8 m/s; =0.001) in the exposed group. Less profound decreases of these parameters were noticed in the unexposed group. Significant between group differences were observed for declines in office and night-time diastolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity. Importantly, the difference in the reduction of pulse wave velocity between exposed and unexposed participants remained significant after adjustment for covariates (-1.49 versus -0.35 m/s; =0.017). The observed difference in insomnia prevalence between exposed and unexposed individuals at baseline was no more significant at follow-up. Thus, long-term aircraft noise exposure may increase the prevalence of hypertension and accelerate arterial stiffening. However, even short-term noise reduction, as experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown, may reverse those unfavorable effects.
在 2015 年的一项病例对照研究的横断面分析中，我们揭示了动脉僵硬（脉搏波速度）增加与飞机噪声暴露之间的关联。2020 年 6 月，我们评估了长期影响，以及在 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）封锁期间噪声暴露突然下降对血压和脉搏波速度的影响，比较了 74 名长期暴露于日间-夜间-夜间飞机噪声水平 60dB 和 75 名未暴露个体。在 5 年的随访期间，暴露组的高血压患病率增加（42%比 59%，=0.048），但未暴露组没有增加。自 2020 年 4 月以来噪声暴露的下降伴随着噪声烦恼的显著下降，24 小时收缩压（121.2 比 117.9mmHg；=0.034）和舒张压（75.1 比 72.0mmHg；=0.003），以及暴露组的脉搏波速度（10.2 比 8.8m/s；=0.001）。未暴露组这些参数的下降幅度较小。观察到办公室和夜间舒张压和脉搏波速度的下降存在显著的组间差异。重要的是，调整协变量后，暴露组和未暴露组之间脉搏波速度下降的差异仍然显著（-1.49 比-0.35m/s；=0.017）。在随访时，暴露组和未暴露组之间失眠患病率的差异不再显著。因此，长期飞机噪声暴露可能会增加高血压的患病率并加速动脉僵硬。然而，即使是 COVID-19 封锁期间经历的短期降噪，也可能逆转这些不利影响。
