Foraster Maria, Eze Ikenna C, Schaffner Emmanuel, Vienneau Danielle, Héritier Harris, Endes Simon, Rudzik Franziska, Thiesse Laurie, Pieren Reto, Schindler Christian, Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno, Brink Mark, Cajochen Christian, Marc Wunderli Jean, Röösli Martin, Probst-Hensch Nicole
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Basel, Switzerland.
University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland.
Environ Health Perspect. 2017 Sep 7;125(9):097004. doi: 10.1289/EHP1136.
The impact of different transportation noise sources and noise environments on arterial stiffness remains unknown.
We evaluated the association between residential outdoor exposure to annual average road, railway, and aircraft noise levels, total noise intermittency (IR), and total number of noise events (NE) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) following a cross-sectional design.
We measured baPWV (meters/second) in 2,775 participants (49-81 y old) at the second follow-up (2010-2011) of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA). We assigned annual average road, railway, and aircraft noise levels (Ldensource), total day- and nighttime NEtime and IRtime (percent fluctuation=0%, none or constant noise; percent fluctuation=100%, high fluctuation) at the most exposed façade using 2011 Swiss noise models. We applied multivariable linear mixed regression models to analyze associations.
Medians [interquartile ranges (IQRs)] were baPWV=13.4 (3.1) m/s; Ldenair (57.6% exposed)=32.8 (8.0) dB; Ldenrail (44.6% exposed)=30.0 (8.1) dB; Ldenroad (99.7% exposed): 54.2 (10.6) dB; NEnight=123 (179); NEday=433 (870); IRnight=73% (27); and IRday=63.8% (40.3). We observed a 0.87% (95% CI: 0.31, 1.43%) increase in baPWV per IQR of Ldenrail, which was greater with IRnight>80% or with daytime sleepiness. We observed a nonsignificant positive association between Ldenroad and baPWV in urban areas and a negative tendency in rural areas. NEnight, but not NEday, was associated with baPWV. Associations were independent of the other noise sources and air pollution.
Long-term exposure to railway noise, particularly in an intermittent nighttime noise environment, and to nighttime noise events, mainly related to road noise, may affect arterial stiffness, a major determinant of cardiovascular disease. Ascertaining noise exposure characteristics beyond average noise levels may be relevant to better understand noise-related health effects. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1136.
不同交通噪声源和噪声环境对动脉僵硬度的影响尚不清楚。
我们采用横断面设计，评估了居民户外暴露于年度平均道路、铁路和飞机噪声水平、总噪声间歇性（IR）以及噪声事件总数（NE）与臂踝脉搏波速度（baPWV）之间的关联。
在瑞士成人空气污染与心肺疾病队列研究（SAPALDIA）的第二次随访（2010 - 2011年）中，我们测量了2775名参与者（49 - 81岁）的baPWV（米/秒）。我们使用2011年瑞士噪声模型，确定了最暴露立面处的年度平均道路、铁路和飞机噪声水平（Ldensource）、白天和夜间的总NEtime以及IRtime（波动百分比 = 0%，无噪声或恒定噪声；波动百分比 = 100%，高波动）。我们应用多变量线性混合回归模型来分析关联。
中位数[四分位间距（IQR）]为：baPWV = 13.4（3.1）米/秒；Ldenair（57.6%暴露）= 32.8（8.0）分贝；Ldenrail（44.6%暴露）= 30.0（8.1）分贝；Ldenroad（99.7%暴露）：54.2（10.6）分贝；夜间NE = 123（179）；白天NE = 433（870）；夜间IR = 73%（27）；白天IR = 63.8%（40.3）。我们观察到，Ldenrail每增加一个IQR，baPWV增加0.87%（95%置信区间：0.31，1.43%），当夜间IR>80%或白天困倦时，这种增加更为明显。我们观察到城市地区Ldenroad与baPWV之间存在不显著的正相关，农村地区存在负相关趋势。夜间NE与baPWV相关，而白天NE则不然。这些关联独立于其他噪声源和空气污染。
长期暴露于铁路噪声，尤其是在间歇性夜间噪声环境中，以及暴露于主要与道路噪声相关的夜间噪声事件，可能会影响动脉僵硬度，而动脉僵硬度是心血管疾病的主要决定因素。确定平均噪声水平之外的噪声暴露特征可能有助于更好地理解与噪声相关的健康影响。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1136
