Arkhipova Anna, Hok Pavel, Valošek Jan, Trnečková Markéta, Všetičková Gabriela, Coufalová Gabriela, Synek Jaromír, Zouhar Vít, Hluštík Petr
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.
Front Neurosci. 2021 Oct 1;15:703620. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.703620. eCollection 2021.
The "Different Hearing" program (DHP) is an educational activity aimed at stimulating musical creativity of children and adults by group composing in the classroom, alternative to the mainstream model of music education in Czechia. Composing in the classroom in the DHP context does not use traditional musical instruments or notation, instead, the participants use their bodies, sounds originating from common objects as well as environmental sounds as the "elements" for music composition by the participants' team, with the teacher initiating and then participating and coordinating the creative process, which ends with writing down a graphical score and then performing the composition in front of an audience. The DHP methodology works with a wide definition of musical composition. We hypothesized that the DHP short-term (2 days) intense workshop would induce changes in subjective appreciation of different classes of music and sound (including typical samples of music composed in the DHP course), as well as plastic changes of the brain systems engaged in creative thinking and music perception, in their response to diverse auditory stimuli. In our study, 22 healthy university students participated in the workshop over 2 days and underwent fMRI examinations before and after the workshop, meanwhile 24 students were also scanned twice as a control group. During fMRI, each subject was listening to musical and non-musical sound samples, indicating their esthetic impression with a button press after each sample. As a result, participants' favorable feelings toward non-musical sound samples were significantly increased only in the active group. fMRI data analyzed using ANOVA with ROI analysis showed significant group-by-time interaction (opposing trends in the two groups) in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, which are functional hubs of the default mode network (DMN) and in parts of the executive, motor, and auditory networks. The findings suggest that DHP training modified the behavioral and brain response to diverse sound samples, differentially changing the engagement of functional networks known to be related to creative thinking, namely, increasing DMN activation and decreasing activation of the executive network.
“别样听觉”项目(DHP)是一项教育活动,旨在通过课堂集体创作激发儿童和成人的音乐创造力,这是捷克音乐教育主流模式之外的一种选择。在DHP项目的课堂创作中,不使用传统乐器或乐谱,相反,参与者利用自己的身体、常见物体发出的声音以及环境声音作为团队音乐创作的“元素”,教师发起并参与协调创作过程,最后以写下图形乐谱并在观众面前表演作品作为结束。DHP方法采用了宽泛的音乐创作定义。我们假设,DHP短期(2天)强化工作坊会引起对不同类型音乐和声音(包括DHP课程中创作的典型音乐样本)主观欣赏的变化,以及参与创造性思维和音乐感知的大脑系统在对各种听觉刺激的反应中的可塑性变化。在我们的研究中,22名健康大学生参加了为期2天的工作坊,并在工作坊前后接受了功能磁共振成像检查,同时24名学生作为对照组也接受了两次扫描。在功能磁共振成像过程中,每个受试者聆听音乐和非音乐声音样本,并在每个样本后通过按按钮来表明他们的审美印象。结果,仅在活动组中,参与者对非音乐声音样本的喜爱程度显著增加。使用方差分析和感兴趣区分析对功能磁共振成像数据进行分析,结果显示双侧后扣带回皮质/楔前叶存在显著的组×时间交互作用(两组趋势相反),后扣带回皮质/楔前叶是默认模式网络(DMN)的功能枢纽,以及在执行、运动和听觉网络的部分区域。研究结果表明,DHP训练改变了对各种声音样本的行为和大脑反应,差异性地改变了已知与创造性思维相关的功能网络的参与度,即增加了DMN的激活并降低了执行网络的激活。