van Berkum Siemen
Wageningen Economic Research, part of Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Pr. Beatrixlaan 582 - 528, 2595 BM Den Haag, The Netherlands.
Food Secur. 2021;13(6):1541-1554. doi: 10.1007/s12571-021-01218-z. Epub 2021 Oct 13.
Recent decades have seen food markets and value chains become increasingly global-a trend that creates challenges as well as opportunities for food systems. Positive trade effects on food security are not always self-evident in food deficit low-income countries. Moreover, whereas international trade may also be used to balance regional differences in climate change impacts and biodiversity, trade can exacerbate environmental challenges associated with food production, land use and climate change. This article argues that, for trade to drive inclusive and sustainable growth of nutritious food production in food deficit low-income countries, policies and investments in these countries must focus on three key priorities: 1) diversifying production and markets to increase resilience to external shocks; 2) enhancing competitiveness and improving market access for local farmers and SMEs, and 3) incorporating externalities in international trade. The latter requires collective international action.
近几十年来，食品市场和价值链日益全球化，这一趋势给粮食系统带来了挑战，也带来了机遇。在粮食短缺的低收入国家，贸易对粮食安全的积极影响并非总是显而易见的。此外，虽然国际贸易也可用于平衡气候变化影响和生物多样性方面的区域差异，但贸易会加剧与粮食生产、土地利用和气候变化相关的环境挑战。本文认为，要使贸易推动粮食短缺的低收入国家营养食品生产实现包容性和可持续增长，这些国家的政策和投资必须聚焦三个关键优先事项：1）使生产和市场多样化，以增强应对外部冲击的能力；2）提高当地农民和中小企业的竞争力并改善其市场准入；3）将外部性纳入国际贸易。后者需要国际集体行动。
