School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Oct 19;37(12):201. doi: 10.1007/s11274-021-03157-5.
Cyanobacteria, photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms having a simple genetic composition are the prospective photoautotrophic cell factories for the production of a wide range of biofuel molecules. The simple genetic composition of cyanobacteria allows effortless genetic manipulation which leads to increased research endeavors from the synthetic biology approach. Various unicellular model cyanobacterial strains like Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 have been successfully engineered for biofuels generation. Improved development of synthetic biology tools, genetic modification methods and advancement in transformation techniques to construct a strain that can contain multiple foreign genes in a single operon have vastly expanded the functions that can be used for engineering photosynthetic cyanobacteria for the generation of various biofuel molecules. In this review, recent advancements and approaches in synthetic biology tools used for cyanobacterial genome editing have been discussed. Apart from this, cyanobacterial productions of various fuel molecules like isoprene, limonene, α-farnesene, squalene, alkanes, butanol, and fatty acids, which can be a substitute for petroleum and fossil fuels in the future, have been elaborated.
蓝藻是具有简单遗传组成的光合原核微生物，是生产多种生物燃料分子的有前途的光自养细胞工厂。蓝藻的简单遗传组成允许轻松进行遗传操作，从而导致合成生物学方法的研究工作增加。各种单细胞模式蓝藻菌株，如 Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 和 Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942，已成功用于生物燃料的生成。合成生物学工具的改进、遗传修饰方法的进步和转化技术的进步，使得能够在单个操纵子中包含多个外源基因的菌株的构建，大大扩展了可用于工程化光合蓝藻以生成各种生物燃料分子的功能。在这篇综述中，讨论了用于蓝藻基因组编辑的合成生物学工具的最新进展和方法。除此之外，还详细阐述了蓝藻生产各种燃料分子的情况，如异戊二烯、柠檬烯、α-法呢烯、角鲨烯、烷烃、丁醇和脂肪酸，这些燃料分子将来可以替代石油和化石燃料。
