Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA; email:
Center for Open Science, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2022 Jan 4;73:719-748. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-114157. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
Replication-an important, uncommon, and misunderstood practice-is gaining appreciation in psychology. Achieving replicability is important for making research progress. If findings are not replicable, then prediction and theory development are stifled. If findings are replicable, then interrogation of their meaning and validity can advance knowledge. Assessing replicability can be productive for generating and testing hypotheses by actively confronting current understandings to identify weaknesses and spur innovation. For psychology, the 2010s might be characterized as a decade of active confrontation. Systematic and multi-site replication projects assessed current understandings and observed surprising failures to replicate many published findings. Replication efforts highlighted sociocultural challenges such as disincentives to conduct replications and a tendency to frame replication as a personal attack rather than a healthy scientific practice, and they raised awareness that replication contributes to self-correction. Nevertheless, innovation in doing and understanding replication and its cousins, reproducibility and robustness, has positioned psychology to improve research practices and accelerate progress.
复制——一种重要、不常见且被误解的实践——在心理学中越来越受到重视。实现可复制性对于推动研究进展很重要。如果研究结果不可复制，那么预测和理论发展就会受到阻碍。如果研究结果是可复制的，那么对其意义和有效性的审查就可以推进知识。通过积极面对当前的理解来识别弱点并激发创新，评估可复制性可以为生成和测试假设提供富有成效的方法。对于心理学来说，21 世纪 10 年代可能是积极面对的十年。系统的和多地点的复制项目评估了当前的理解，并观察到许多已发表的发现令人惊讶地无法复制。复制工作强调了社会文化方面的挑战，例如进行复制的动机不足，以及将复制视为个人攻击而不是健康的科学实践的倾向，这也提高了人们的认识，即复制有助于自我修正。然而，复制及其表亲——可重复性和稳健性——在实践和理解方面的创新，使心理学能够改进研究实践并加速进展。
